A two-component gel of melamine (M) and 2-ethylhexylphosphoric acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester (P) in binary solvent mixtures has been investigated. PM formed opaque gels at a certain water volume fraction in methanol-water mixtures. The minimum gelation concentration (MGC) decreased with increasing the water content, whereas the gel-to-sol transition temperature (T gel ) increased firstly and had a decline at 60% water content. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed that the gel fibers formed macroscopic aggregates when an appropriate amount of water was added. When the water content was increased from 25% to 50%, the network in the mixed-solvents became more "uniform" and "denser" and when the water content was increased to 60%, fibers packed more closely together and formed a sheet-like structure. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy patterns (FTIR) of xerogels showed that the gelator had a similar packing mode in the gel state, which was different from the precipitation state. The solvent viscosity had a good correlation with SEM images and gel-to-sol temperature. Hansen solubility parameters and Flory-Huggins parameters were calculated to estimate the gelator-solvent interaction. The results indicated that gelation occurred when the gelator-solvent interaction was neither too strong nor too weak, otherwise solution or precipitate was obtained.

We construct a simple-structured super gelator with multi-stimuli responsive properties, among which anion responsiveness follows the Hofmeister series in a non-aqueous system. Versatile applications such as being rheological and self-healing agents, waste water treatment, spilled oil recovery and flexible optical device manufacture are integrated into a single organogelator, which was rarely reported.

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The effect of salt on the gelatinization of 2,4-(3,4-dichlorobenzylidene)-D-sorbitol (DCBS), a novel low-molecular-weight gelator, was studied. DCBS showed pronounced hydrogelation and the electron micrographs indicated that the hydrogels consists of globular aggregates. Addition of NaCl to the aqueous medium accelerated the gelation process and also caused the gel's morphology to change from globular to long fibers. In addition, the thermal properties of the hydrogels were improved with the addition of NaCl. UV-vis and fluorescence emission spectra showed that extensive aggregation of the phenyl rings was responsible for the gelation. The presence of NaCl induced a red shift in the emission peaks of DCBS and a decrease of the pyrene polarity index I1/I3 in the gels, which indicated that there was more π-π stacking in the hydrogels with NaCl than in the gels without NaCl. Variable-temperature (1)H NMR spectra further demonstrated that the π-π interactions were enhanced by NaCl. FTIR studies showed that hydrogen bonding was also a contributing factor in the gelation process. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WXRD) showed that the hydrogels had a layered structure which did not change with the addition of NaCl. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicated the possible molecular packing of the gelator in the nanofibers.

Alkynol served as an enolizable carbonyl equivalent to react with (thio)urea and aromatic aldehydes, furnishing a variety of spirofuran-hydropyrimidinone compounds in good yields and excellent diastereoselectivities. The one-pot multicomponent reactions were realized with co-catalysis of palladium chloride and trifluoroacetic acid through a Biginelli-like tandem reaction pathway.

This study aims to discuss the correlations among learning styles, meaningful learning, and learning achievement. Directed at the rather difficult to comprehend human blood circulation unit in the biology materials for junior high school students, a Mobile Meaningful Blood Circulation Learning System, called MMBCLS gamification learning, was developed. In the study, the instructional design is based on meaningful learning and follows the principles of digital game-based learning models to design after-class multimedia materials, which allow learners to enjoy learning. With a quasi-experimental design, Kolb's learning styles scale and meaningful learning scale were utilized as research instruments. Taking a G8 class as the subject, 46 valid questionnaires were returned. The research findings show divergences in mobile game-based learning styles: students with convergent styles highly regarded the well-designed curriculum in meaningful learning; student gender presented no significant difference in curriculum design and learning achievement in meaningful learning; students with different learning styles revealed remarkable differences in learning achievement; and students in the experimental group apparently had a higher learning achievement than the students in the control group, with notable differences. The research outcomes could be cited by teachers for designing material and provide educators with a reference for the mobile as meaningful media material design..

The animation industry is a crucial part of cultural and creative industries and has formed a huge consumer market all over the world and even become a pillar industry in developed countries. However, in China, the animation industry is still in its infancy, and its development is relatively backward. The main reason is that there is no sustainable development model in the industry. Thus, how to carry out sustainable development has become an important research topic for the Chinese animation industry. This study probed into the challenges and problems faced by China′s animation industry, and based on Porter′s Diamond Model, analyzed the current situation of China′s animation industry from six aspects: production factors, demand conditions, industrial chain, enterprise strategy, cultural factors, and government policies, clarifies the key direction for industrial development, and puts forward relatively comprehensive reference strategies to promote the formation of a sustainable development model for the animation industry. The research shows that the sustainable development of the animation industry must be completed by integrating resources within the industry, improving the chain, upgrading the enterprises, technological innovations, cultural embedding, external personnel training, government support, legal protection, and other aspects.