This research aims to identify: 1) the influence of working time on teacher performance, 2) the influence of motivation on teacher performance, and 3) the influence of working time and motivation on performance of elementary school teachers in the villages of Samudra and Samudra Kulon. This research is ex-post facto looking for causal relationships, to reveal facts based on measurements of symptoms that have occurred in each respondent. Determination of the sample in this study is a saturated sample, where all members of the population become the object of research. Total population is 50 people. The analysis carried out was a simple and multiple correlation analysis and regression analysis. Respondents in this research have a working time of 2 to 32 years. The results of this research are (1) there is a negative influence on the working time variable on teacher performance; (2) there is a positive influence on the motivation variable on teacher performance; and (3) there is a positive influence on working time and motivation on performance. The effective contribution of working time and motivation to performance are 8.9% and 18%, respectively. The relative contribution of working time and motivation to performance are 33% and 67%, respectively.Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi: 1) pengaruh masa kerja terhadap kinerja guru, 2) pengaruh motivasi terhadap kinerja guru, dan 3) pengaruh masa kerja dan motivasi terhadap kinerja guru Sekolah Dasar di Desa Samudra dan Samudra Kulon. Penelitian ini bersifat ex-post facto yang mencari hubungan kausal, untuk mengungkapkan fakta berdasarkan pengukuran atas gejala yang telah terjadi pada diri masing-masing responden. Penentuan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah sampel jenuh, dimana semua anggota populasi menjadi objek penelitian. Jumlah populasi adalah 50 orang. Analisis yang dilakukan adalah analisis korelasi dan analisis regresi baik sederhana maupun ganda. Responden dalam penelitian ini memiliki masa kerja antara 2 sampai 32 tahun. Hasil penelitian ini adalah (1) terdapat pengaruh negatif variabel masa kerja terhadap kinerja guru ditunjukkan dengan nilai koefisien korelasi -0,443 dan nilai koefisien regresi -0,398. (2) Terdapat pengaruh positif variabel motivasi terhadap kinerja guru yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai koefisien korelasi 0,496 dan nilai koefisien regresi 0,416. (3) Terdapat pengaruh positif variabel masa kerja dan motivasi terhadap kinerja yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai koefisien determinasi 0,269 dan nilai F hitung 8,659. Sumbangan efektif masa kerja dan motivasi terhadap kinerja masingmasing adalah 8,9% dan 18%. Sumbangan relatif masa kerja dan motivasi terhadap kinerja masing-masing adalah 33% dan 67%. Kata Kunci : masa kerja, motivasi dan kinerja Sugito, Y. Suyitno dan Kuntoro

CUPPING AS PAIN ALTERNATIVE THERAPYABSTRACTPain is still a world’s problem. Current pain treatment is still unsatisfactory due to its chronicity and existing drugs’ side effects. Due to dissatisfaction with the existing treatment, many patients are choosing a traditional therapy for their pain treatment. Cupping therapy is one of the traditional therapies that is widely used to relieve pain. Cupping therapy has been used in many countries in the world. Some of these countries have used cupping therapy as a pain treatment in hospitals. Neurologists are handling pain cases in their daily practice. Nearly 80% of patients come to the doctor with one of their complaint related to pain directly. The knowledge of cupping therapy for pain is important for the development of new therapies in order to solve the pain problems that so far have not reached a satisfactory level.Keyword: Alternative therapy, cupping therapy, pain, pain problemsABSTRAKNyeri masih merupakan masalah dunia. Pengobatan nyeri saat ini masih belum sampai tahap yang memuaskan terkait kronisitas dan efek samping obat yang ada. Akibat ketidakpuasan dengan pengobatan yang ada, banyak pasien yang memilih terapi tradisional untuk pengobatan nyerinya. Terapi bekam merupakan salah satu terapi tradisional yang banyak dipakai untuk meredakan keluhan nyeri. Terapi bekam telah dipakai di banyak negara di dunia. Sebagian negara tersebut telah menggunakan bekam sebagai terapi nyeri di rumah sakit. Bekam menurunkan nyeri melalui efek antinosiseptifnya, dengan cara stimulasi sistem saraf perifer dan menurunkan stres oksidatif. Studi terbaru menunjukkan bahwa terapi bekam basah dapat meningkatkan ekspresi ß-endorphin dan HSP70 keratinosit pada lokasi bekam. Dalam praktek sehari-hari dokter spesialis saraf menangani kasus nyeri. Hampir 80% pasien datang ke dokter dengan disertai salah satu keluhan yang berkaitan dengan nyeri secara langsung. Pengetahuan tentang terapi bekam untuk nyeri penting diketahui untuk pengembangan terapi baru guna menyelesaikan permasalahan nyeri yang sampai saat ini belum sampai pada tahap yang memuaskan.Kata kunci: Masalah nyeri, nyeri, terapi alternatif, terapi bekam

Articles reporting research may be full length or brief reports. These should report original research findings within the journal's scope. Papers should generally be a maximum of 4000 words in length, excluding tables, references, abstract and key points of the article, whilst references should not exceed 36. Review PapersComprehensive, authoritative, reviews within the journal's scope. Review articles provide a review of the literature. There are two types of review papers:-systematic review papers: respond to a specific research question, accrue from criterion-based selection of sources, include a quantitative synthesis that includes a statistical method (meta-analysis) and should adhere to PRISMA guidelines. Guidelines used for abstracting data and assessing data quality and validity should be noted in methods section. -narrative reviews: the research question may be broad, and the scope of this review is to discuss a specific topic and keep the readers up-to-date about it. This type of review does not necessarily include a methodological approach and its synthesis is usually qualitative. Narrative reviews should include a "developments" section, with details regarding data sources used, keywords applied, time restrictions and study types selected. All review papers should be generally less than 6000 words, excluding abstract, tables, figures and references. References should not exceed 50 unless on a topic that has an extensive evidence base. The conclusion of the reviews must be specific and stem from the findings. Short ReportsBrief reports of data from original research. Short reports are shorter versions of original articles, may include one table or figure, should not exceed 1500 words and 15 references. Short reports are suitable for the presentation of research that extends previously published research, including the reporting of additional evidence and confirmatory results in other settings, as well as negative results. Authors must clearly acknowledge any work upon which they are building, both published and unpublished. Study ProtocolsArticles describing a research protocol of a study. This article type can be for proposed or for ongoing research and should contain the background, research hypothesis, rationale a detailed methodology of the study. The SPIRIT 2013 Checklist guidelines ideally should be applied. Study protocols submitted for publication must have received ethics approval. Protocols of randomized trials should follow the CONSORT guidelines and must have a trial registration number, while observational studies should follow STROBE guidelines. Methodology PapersPapers that present different methodological approaches that can be used to investigate problems in a relevant scientific field and to encourage innovation. It is suggested that case studies or practical examples, which can be existing ones, are included to demonstrate the consistency and applicability of the methodology. Methodology papers should be generally less than 6000 words, excluding abstract, tables, figures and referen...

The maternal mortality rate (MMR) in developing countries is still a major health problem, including in Indonesia. Antenatal Care (ANC), delivery with skilled birth attendance (SBA) at the time of delivery and delivery in institutional are universally considered important for reducing maternal mortality. Husbands can play a crucial role in pregnancy and childbirth. Therefore, the aim of this study was analyze the indicators of husband's role in pregnancy and maternity care which were suspected as one of the determinants of   ANC and SBA use in Polewali Mandar Regency. The population of this prospective cohort study was all married and pregnant woman, before using contraceptives and contraceptive failure or not using contraception and pregnancy is planned, unplanned pregnancy or mistimed pregnancy in Polewali Mandar 2015 (Size of sample = 100). Samples were randomly selected from participants of screening in 12 sub-districts in Polewali Mandar. Data about husband's role in pregnancy and maternity care was obtained through interviews using a structured questionnaire data processing by using SMART-PLS.  The result of data analysis suggested that the coefficient value that has been standardized from each indicator were as follows: accessibility = 0.944 and engagement = 0.954, dan responsibility = 0.968. Indicators of organizational support in implementing Maternal and Child Health Information System at Polewali Mandar Regency, respectively from the most important are: responsibility, engagement, and accessibility.

BEHAVIORAL ASSESMENT OF THE PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHIC PAIN MODEL: RAT WITH CCI (CHRONIC CONSTRICTION INJURY)ABSTRACTNeuropathic pain occurs in 20% of patients with chronic pain. This mainly due to the lack of effective treatment and the presence of drug’s side effects. Animal models have been broadly utilized in validating the therapeutic target and the development of analgesic drugs. Chronic constriction injury (CCI) is a model of peripheral neuropathic pain characterized by allodynia and hyperalgesia. Chronic constriction injury model is produced by loose ligation of the sciatic nerve resulting in nerve damage, thus sensitizes and lowers pain threshold. The pain threshold test is performed by providing a pressure and thermal sensory stimulus that results in observable withdrawal behavior. This article discusses several methods in assessing pain-related behavior on the CCI neuropathic pain model.Keywords: Behavioral, chronic constriction injury, mechanical, neuropathic painABSTRAKNyeri neuropatik terjadi pada seperlima pasien dengan nyeri kronik. Hal ini disebabkan karena terapi nyeri neuropatik masih kurang efektif dan adanya efek samping obat. Model hewan terbukti bermanfaat untuk validasi target dan perkembangan obat analgesik. Chronic constriction injury (CCI) merupakan model nyeri neuropatik perifer dengan karakteristik alodinia dan hiperalgesia. Model CCI dibuat dengan memberikan ligasi longgar pada saraf skiatik yang menyebabkan kerusakan saraf, sehingga terjadi sensitisasi dan ambang nyeri menurun. Tes ambang nyeri dilakukan dengan memberikan stimulus sensorik berupa tekanan dan panas yang akan menghasilkan tingkah laku withdrawal yang bisa diobservasi. Artikel ini membahas penilaian tingkah laku nyeri pada model nyeri neuropatik CCI.Kata kunci: Chronic constriction injury, mekanik, nyeri neuropatik, tingkah laku

Introduction: Annual incidence rates for oral and pharyngeal cancer are estimated at 25 cases per 100,000 in developing countries. Human papilloma virus (HPV) was implicated in pathogenesis of Cancer. The mutations of p53 and c-myc are found 50% in cancer. objective: Aims of this research were to know the incidence of OSSC patient which realized HPV infection without p53 and c-myc gene mutation. materials and methods: Tissue biopsy frozen sections were taken from BOSC (Benign Oral Squamous Cell) and OSCC (Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma) patients collected from Oral and Dental Departement of dr Muwardi Distric Hospital in Surakarta from January 2007 to January 2008. To amplify L1-HPV gene for fixed the HPV stressor. To amplify p53 and c-myc genes, continued with SSCP (Single Strand Conformational Polymorphisme) analysis and followed with measurement using densitometer, to see mutation existence. The collected data were analyzed with Chi Square. results: BOSC patient identified 23% with HPV infections and OSCC patient identified 73% with HPV infections. Hundred percent BOSC patient with HPV infection without mutation in p53 gene and c-myc gene, 81% OSCC patient with HPV infection without mutation in p53 gene and 91 % OSCC patient with HPV infection without mutation in c-myc gene. Chi Square analysis showed significant difference between BOSC and OSCC patients with HPV infection without mutation in p53 and c-myc gene. conclusion: HPV is a factor for pathogenesis of OSCC. abstrak Pendahuluan: Insidensi Infeksi HPV pada karsinoma Sel Skuamosa oral dan Hubungannya dengan mutasi p53 dan c-myc: Penelitian kasus kontrol pada rumah Sakit muwardi. Rata-rata angka kejadian kanker rongga mulut dan pharyng di negara berkembang per tahun diperkirakan pada kisaran 25 kasus per 100.000 penduduk. Saat ini patogenesis kanker telah diketahui berhubungan dengan virus Human papilloma (HpV). Catatan lain bahwa mutasi pada gena p53 dan c-myc ditemukan pada 50% dari seluruh kejadian kanker. tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kejadian pasien Kanker Sel Skuamous Rongga Mulut (KSSRM) dengan infeksi HpV tanpa mutasi gena p53 dan c-myc. Bahan dan cara: Jaringan biopsi frozen sections dari pasien Sel Skuamous Rongga Mulut Jinak (SSRMJ) dan Kanker Sel Skuamous Rongga Mulut (KSSRM) yang dikumpulkan dari Bagian Penyakit Gigi dan Mulut RSUD dr Muwardi Surakarta mulai Januari 2007 hingga Januari 2008. Amplifikasi gena l1-HpV untuk mengetahui keberadaan stressor HpV. Amplifikasi gena-gena p53 dan c-myc, dilanjutkan analisis Single Strand Comformational polymorphisme (SSCp) dan diikuti pengukuran menggunakan densitometer untuk melihat keberadaan mutasi. Data yang terkumpul dianalisa menggunakan Uji Chi Square. Hasil: Pasien SSRMJ teridentifikasi 23% terinfeksi HpV dan pasien KSSRM teridentifikasi 73% terinfeksi HpV. Seratus persen pasien SSRMJ yang terinfeksi HPV tercatat tanpa mutasi pada gena p53 dan c-myc, 81% pasien KSSRM yang terinfeksi HpV tercatat tanpa mutasi gena p53 dan 91 % pasien KSSRM yang terinfeksi HPV tercatat tanpa m...

Penelitian yang berjudul “Analisis Wacana Persuasif untuk Memotivasi Diri dalam Poster Covid-19 Pembelajaran Daring Siswa Kelas 6 Al Mujiib SD Al Irsyad Al Islamiyyah 02 Purwokerto” bertujuan untuk mendiskripsikan unsur poster, fungsi/kegunaan poster, dan wujud komponen motivasi dalam poster covid-19 karya siswa kelas 6 Al Mujib SD Al Irsyad Al Islamiyyah 02 Purwokerto. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif  kualitaif. Data dalam penelitian ini adalah wacana persuasif yang terdapat pada poster covid-19 karya siswa kelas 6 Al Mujiib SD Al Irsyad Al Islamiyyah 02 Purwokerto. Wacana tersebut merupakan transkripsi poster siswa kelas 6 Al Mujib yang berperan menangani covid-19. Tahap yang digunakan dalam penelitian mencakup tiga tahap yaitu (1) penyediaan data, (2) analisis data, dan (3) penyajian hasil analisis data. Data disajikan secara informal, yaitu dengan perumusan kata-kata biasa. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data dan pembahasan peneliti menyimpulkan bahwa: pada poster covid-19 pembelajaran daring kelas 6 Al Mujiib SD Al Irsyad Al Islamiyyah 02 Purwokerto terdapat unsur poster berupa satuan bahasa dan elemen visual poster. Fungsi/kegunaan poster dari 26 karya siswa terdapat fungsi motivasi sebanyak 22, peringatan sebanyak 21, dan pengalaman kreatif siswa sebanyak 26. Wujud komponen motivasi diri seluruh karya menunjukan menggerakan, dalam hal ini motivasi menimbulkan kekuatan pada individu, membawa seseorang untuk bertindak dengan cara tertentu. Komponen motivasi mengarahkan yang berarti motivasi mengarahkan tingkah laku dengan menyediakan suatu orientasi tujuan tertentu sebanyak 80 teks. Komponen motivasi menopang digunakan untuk menjaga dan menopang tingkah laku, lingkungan sekitar harus menguatkan intensitas dan arah dorongan-dorongan dan kekuatan-kekuatan individu sebanyak 25 teks.

Dengue is a major public health problem in Indonesia. The program of elimination of mosquito breeding places is still low. This study was aimed to analyze the effectiveness of village surveillance officer for decrease container index. Study design was quasy experiment. The intervention included: community workshops; community involvement in clean-up campaigns; and distribution of information, education and communication materials in the village surveillans officer. Data were analyzed with t test, and path way analyzed. There is significantly differences knowdlege, attitude, behaviour, sanitation, and container index p<0.05. Based on the path analysis was concluded that village surveillance officer increased knowledge, attitude, behavior, sanitation and container index.Surveillance village officer is concluded to be more effectively decreased of larva index through comunity behavior. Surveillance village officer is important because it effectively the coverage of larva index through community behaviour participation.