A cross-sectional study aimed at investigating the species diversity of fly vectors and estimating the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis was carried out from October 2009 to May 2010 in selected settlement areas of the Hawa-Gelan district in the western Wollega zone of Ethiopia. Standard methods of sampling and identification were employed for both entomological and parasitological examination. Three species of the genus Glossina (Glossina pallidipes, Glossina morsitans submorsitans and Glossina fuscipes) and two genera of biting flies (Stomoxys and Tabanus) were caught and identified. The overall apparent density of Glossina species caught was 10.5 flies per trap per day, with a higher proportion of female flies (57.2%). Out of a total 389 cattle examined, 42 (10.8%; 95% CI: 7.89% - 14.3%) were found infected with trypanosomes. Three trypanosome species were detected in the study area, namely Trypanosoma congolense (54.8%), Trypanosoma brucei (23.8%) and Trypanosoma vivax (21.4%). The prevalence of trypanosomosis was found to be significantly (p < 0.05) higher in cattle with poor body condition. There was an association between mean packed cell volume (PCV) and the occurrence of parasitaemia (χ2 = 49.5, p < 0.05). About 95.2% of cattle that were positive for trypanosomes had a PCV less than the lower limit for cattle. Considering the current result, bovine trypanosomosis seems to be a serious constraint for agricultural activities in the settlement areas of the Hawa-Gelan district and seems to be associated with the presence of Glossina species. Therefore, application of control methods through community involvement to reduce the Glossina species infestation level is likely to increase animal productivity.
Back ground Tsetse-transmitted trypanosomosis much depends on the distribution and capacity of Glossina species responsible for transmission. Method A cross-sectional study based on parasitological and entomological studies was conducted from October to June 2018 to determine the epidemiology, distribution, and magnitude of the vector, the disease and Analyze associated risk factors. ResultsBased on implemented entomological study, Didessa river basin has a total apparent fly density of 5.33 Fly/Trap/Day (FTD); similarly, Glossina species accounted about 4.04 and 1.29 were other biting flies (Stomoxys and Tabanus). The composition of Glossina species identified in the study were 3335 (98.56%) Glossina tachinoides and 49 (1.44%) Glossina fuscipes. Comparatively higher and lower FTD found in altitude ranges from 1317 m above sea-level Bedele District (FTD = 5.19) and 1334 m above sea-level Boracha District (FTD = 1.88). Furthermore, from the total of n = 1517, local breeds of cattle examined for the infection of parasite and 82 cattle were found infected with an overall prevalence of 5.41%. The resulted overall prevalence was composed of Trypanosome congolense and Trypanosome vivax, 59 (3.89%) and 23 (1.52%), respectively.
The study was conducted from October 2015 to November 2015 in Gambela and Abobo districts of Gambela Peoples Regional State, southwestern Ethiopia. It was designed to avail information on prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis and apparent densities of vectors of the trypanosomosis. A parasitological study using buffy coat technique was employed for the determination of prevalence of trypanosomosis while baited mono pyramidal traps were used for the vector survey. A total of 862 cattle randomly selected from the study population were examined for the parasitological study. The result of parasitological study revealed that the overall prevalence of trypanosomosis was found to be 16.59%, 95% CI=14.10-19.08 indicating trypanosomosis is a serious problem in the area. Three Trypanosoma species were identified during the study period: Trypanosoma brucei, T. vivax and T. congolense. Highest trypanosome prevalence (18.67%) was seen in animals with poor condition than that of those with medium (16.76%) and good (14.20%) body condition for the concerned blood parasite but no significant difference was observed (P>0.05). Higher infection rate was occurred in male (18.35%) than female (14.79%) cattle without significant difference (P>0.05). Prevalence was significantly higher in adult animals (17.95%) than younger ones (7.27%) (P>0.05). The study suggested that mean PCV values of parasitaemic (21.13%) cattle was significantly lower than aparasitaemic (22.26%) animals (P<0.05). During entomological survey, four species of tsetse fly: G. tachnoides, G. morsitsns submorsitans, G. pallidipes and G. fuscipes fuscipes and three genera of other biting flies: Tabanus, Haematopota and Stomoxys spp. were caught. The overall apparent density of tsetse flies was 0.75 fly/trap/day. Trypanosomosis and tsetse fly pose great threat to cattle residing in study areas. Thus, appropriate intervention measures need to be taken.
Trypanosomosis is one of the major impediments to livestock development and agricultural production in Ethiopia. It is cyclically transmitted by tsetse flies but also mechanically tsetse flies and by other biting flies. A cross-sectional study was conducted to identify the density and diversity of vectors and also the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis from October, 2014 to May, 2015. The study was conducted in four selected settlement areas of the Yayo district in the Illubabor zone of Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. Standard methods of sampling and identification were employed for both entomological and parasitological examination. Four species of the genus Glossina (Glossina morsitans submorsitans, Glossina pallidipes, Glossina tachinoides and Glossina fuscipes) and two genera of biting flies (Stomoxys and Tabanus) were caught and identified. The overall apparent density of flies caught was 1095 (9.78 flies per trap per day), of which 410 (3.7 flies per trap per day) was Glossina species. Out of a total 488 cattle examined, 19 (3.9%; 95% CI: 2.36%-6.1%) were found infected with trypanosomes. Three species were detected in the study area namely T. congolense 16(84.21%), T. vivax 2(10.53%) and T. brucei 1(5.26%). The prevalence of trypanosomosis was not significantly affected by all risk factors considered (p>0.05). Trypanosomosis significantly affected the status of anemia or packed cell volume (p<0.05). The mean PCV of parasitemic animals were significantly lower than that of aparasitemic ones (P<0.05). The prevalence of anemia was 19.67% (95%CI: 16.24-23.48) and not significantly affected by the different risk factors considered (P>0.05) with the exception of Geri (Peasant association) which have shown the lowest anemia prevalence (P<0.05).The relative abundance of Glossina species caught and trypanosome detected confirmed the continuous challenge of the disease in the settlement areas. Therefore, the ongoing community based tsetse and trypanosomosis prevention/control strategy should be 40 Geremew Haile et al., Ethiop. Vet. J., 2016, 20 (1), 39-54 strengthened in the area.
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