Bovine Trypanosomosis and Tsetse Fly Vectors in Abobo and Gambela Districts, Southwestern Ethiopia

Kedir, Mohamed; Lelisa, Kumela; Damena, Delesa

doi:10.4172/2157-7579.1000380

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…SNNPR and western Oromia). The species was also captured in one area in Gambela, despite the relatively low sampling effort in this region, thus corroborating previous reports [68]. The absence of detection of G. pallidipes in Benishangul-Gumuz and Amhara is in line with historical and current knowledge [10,12].…”

Section: Occurrence Of Tsetse Speciessupporting

confidence: 89%

The national atlas of tsetse flies and African animal trypanosomosis in Ethiopia

Gebre

Kapitano

Beyene³

et al. 2022

Parasites Vectors

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Background With the largest cattle population in Africa and vast swathes of fertile lands infested by tsetse flies, trypanosomosis is a major challenge for Ethiopian farmers. Managing the problem strategically and rationally requires comprehensive and detailed information on disease and vector distribution at the national level. To this end, the National Institute for Control and Eradication of Tsetse and Trypanosomosis (NICETT) developed a national atlas of tsetse and African animal trypanosomosis (AAT) for Ethiopia. Methods This first edition of the atlas focused on the tsetse-infested areas in western Ethiopia. Data were collected between 2010 and 2019 in the framework of national surveillance and control activities. Over 88,000 animals, mostly cattle, were tested with the buffy-coat technique (BCT). Odour-enhanced traps were deployed in approximately 14,500 locations for the entomological surveys. Animal- and trap-level data were geo-referenced, harmonized and centralized in a single database. Results AAT occurrence was confirmed in 86% of the districts surveyed (107/124). An overall prevalence of 4.8% was detected by BCT in cattle. The mean packed cell volume (PCV) of positive animals was 22.4, compared to 26.1 of the negative. Trypanosoma congolense was responsible for 61.9% of infections, T. vivax for 35.9% and T. brucei for 1.7%. Four tsetse species were found to have a wide geographic distribution. The highest apparent density (AD) was reported for Glossina pallidipes in the Southern Nations, Nationalities and People's Region (SNNPR) (3.57 flies/trap/day). Glossina tachinoides was the most abundant in Amhara (AD 2.39), Benishangul-Gumuz (2.38), Gambela (1.16) and Oromia (0.94) regions. Glossina fuscipes fuscipes and G. morsitans submorsitans were detected at lower densities (0.19 and 0.42 respectively). Only one specimen of G. longipennis was captured. Conclusions The atlas establishes a reference for the distribution of tsetse and AAT in Ethiopia. It also provides crucial evidence to plan surveillance and monitor control activities at the national level. Future work on the atlas will focus on the inclusion of data collected by other stakeholders, the broadening of the coverage to tsetse-free areas and continuous updates. The extension of the atlas to data on control activities is also envisaged. Graphical Abstract

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Section: Occurrence Of Tsetse Speciessupporting

confidence: 89%

The national atlas of tsetse flies and African animal trypanosomosis in Ethiopia

Gebre

Kapitano

Beyene³

et al. 2022

Parasites Vectors

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“…The finding of the present study showed an overall prevalence of 12.28%, 95% CI. Nearly similar values was also reported by Fentahun et al [18] and Kediret al [19] who reported a prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis 12.40 and 13.14% in a given order from western Ethiopia. Mekuria and Gadisa [20] and Dagnachew and Shibeshi [21] reported a prevalence of 12.41 and 11.33%, respectively, from northwestern Ethiopia.…”

Section: Gr Up Smsupporting

confidence: 90%

Study on Prevalence of Bovine Trypanosomosis in Dale Wabera District, Kellam Wollega Zone, Western Ethiopia

Gemtessa¹

2017

Int J Anim Sci

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A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2009 to April 2010 in Dale Wabera district, western Ethiopia. The objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis and to assess the apparent densities of vectors of the trypanosomosis. A parasitological study using convectional Buffy coat technique was employed for the determination of prevalence of trypanosomosis while baited traps were used for the vector survey. A total of 479 tsetse flies were collected and the density of Glossina species was 11.98 fly/trap/ day. Three species of tsetse fly including Glossina morsistans submorsistans, G. pallidipes and G. tachnoides were recorded from the area. The result of parasitological study revealed that the overall prevalence of trypanosomosis was found to be 12.28%, 95% CI.The prevalence for trypanosome species was 1.53%, 3.32% and 7.42% for Trypanosoma brucei, T. vivax and T. congolense, respectively. Highest trypanosome prevalence (16.42%) was seen in animals with poor condition than that of those with medium (10.27%) and good (9.91%) body condition for the concerned parasite, but no significant difference was observed among the body conditions of cattle considered and infection with trypanosomes (P>0.05). Higher infection rate without significant difference was occurred in male (13.02%) than female (10.77%) cattle. Infection rate was higher in adult (13.25%) than young cattle (8.11%), although the difference is not significant. The mean PCV values of parasitologically negative (26.80%) animals were higher than that of positive ones (20.00%). With 12.28% the highest prevalence in the present study revealed that trypanosomosis is causes significant loss of economy due to reduced production, cost of treatment and death of the animals is supposed to be significant. Therefore, trypanosomosis and its vector control and prevention strategies should be implemented in the area.

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African Animal Trypanosomiasis: A Systematic Review on Prevalence, Risk Factors and Drug Resistance in Sub-Saharan Africa

Okello

Mafie

Eastwood

et al. 2022

Journal of Medical Entomology

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African animal trypanosomiasis (AAT) a parasitic disease of livestock in sub-Saharan Africa causing tremendous loses. Sub-Saharan continental estimation of mean prevalence in both large and small domestic animals, risk factors, tsetse and non-tsetse prevalence and drug resistance is lacking. A review and meta-analysis was done to better comprehend changes in AAT prevalence and drug resistance. Publish/Perish software was used to search and extract peer-reviewed articles in Google scholar, PubMed and CrossRef. In addition, ResearchGate and African Journals Online (AJOL) were used. Screening and selection of articles from 2000–2021 was performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Articles 304 were retrieved; on domestic animals 192, tsetse and non-tsetse vectors 44, risk factors 49 and trypanocidal drug resistance 30. Prevalence varied by, host animals in different countries, diagnostic methods and species of Trypanosoma. Cattle had the highest prevalence with Ethiopia and Nigeria leading, T. congolense (11.80–13.40%) and T. vivax (10.50–18.80%) being detected most. This was followed by camels and pigs. Common diagnostic method used was buffy coat microscopy. However; polymerase chain reaction (PCR), CATT and ELISA had higher detection rates. G. pallidipes caused most infections in Eastern regions while G. palpalis followed by G. mortisans in Western Africa. Eastern Africa reported more non-tsetse biting flies with Stomoxys leading. Common risk factors were, body conditions, breed type, age, sex and seasons. Ethiopia and Nigeria had the highest trypanocidal resistance 30.00–35.00% and highest AAT prevalence. Isometamidium and diminazene showed more resistance with T. congolense being most resistant species 11.00–83.00%.

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Bovine Trypanosomosis and Tsetse Fly Vectors in Abobo and Gambela Districts, Southwestern Ethiopia

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

The national atlas of tsetse flies and African animal trypanosomosis in Ethiopia

The national atlas of tsetse flies and African animal trypanosomosis in Ethiopia

Study on Prevalence of Bovine Trypanosomosis in Dale Wabera District, Kellam Wollega Zone, Western Ethiopia

African Animal Trypanosomiasis: A Systematic Review on Prevalence, Risk Factors and Drug Resistance in Sub-Saharan Africa

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