Study on Prevalence of Bovine Trypanosomosis in Dale Wabera District, Kellam Wollega Zone, Western Ethiopia

Abstract

A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2009 to April 2010 in Dale Wabera district, western Ethiopia. The objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis and to assess the apparent densities of vectors of the trypanosomosis. A parasitological study using convectional Buffy coat technique was employed for the determination of prevalence of trypanosomosis while baited traps were used for the vector survey. A total of 479 tsetse flies were collected and the density of Glossina species was 11.98 fly/trap/ day. Three species of tsetse fly including Glossina morsistans submorsistans, G. pallidipes and G. tachnoides were recorded from the area. The result of parasitological study revealed that the overall prevalence of trypanosomosis was found to be 12.28%, 95% CI.The prevalence for trypanosome species was 1.53%, 3.32% and 7.42% for Trypanosoma brucei, T. vivax and T. congolense, respectively. Highest trypanosome prevalence (16.42%) was seen in animals with poor condition than that of those with medium (10.27%) and good (9.91%) body condition for the concerned parasite, but no significant difference was observed among the body conditions of cattle considered and infection with trypanosomes (P>0.05). Higher infection rate without significant difference was occurred in male (13.02%) than female (10.77%) cattle. Infection rate was higher in adult (13.25%) than young cattle (8.11%), although the difference is not significant. The mean PCV values of parasitologically negative (26.80%) animals were higher than that of positive ones (20.00%). With 12.28% the highest prevalence in the present study revealed that trypanosomosis is causes significant loss of economy due to reduced production, cost of treatment and death of the animals is supposed to be significant. Therefore, trypanosomosis and its vector control and prevention strategies should be implemented in the area.

Effect of Level Soil Bund and Fayna Juu on Soil Physico-chemical Properties, and Farmers Adoption Towards the Practice at Dale Wabera District, Western Ethiopia

“…Agro-ecology and soil: The mean annual rainfall of the study area is 1500 mm, ranges from 1200 mm to 1800 mm and temperature varies from 21°C to 29°C with an average daily temperature of 25°C. The altitude of the district is lying between 1200 to 2200 m.a.s.l with an average elevation of 1700 m.a.s.l [19]. The major soil of the district is Nitisols (80%) and vertisols (17%) and others (3%) [20].…”

“…Samples were taken between the consecutive conservation structures and adjacent cropland without conservation. Soil samples were collected from the top 0-20 cm depth at four corners and center of a plot of 10m x 10m size using "X" sampling design [21], with sharp-edged and closed, circular auger pushed manually down the soil profile from the three slope classes namely, gentle sloping (5-10%), medium sloping (10-15%) and steep sloping (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30) according to FAO soil description [22]. A total of 27 composite soil samples (3 treatments * 3 slope gradients * 3 replications) were collected by using randomized completed block design (RCBD) for soil analysis.…”

The Prevalence of Bovine Trypanosomiasis in JabiTehnan District of Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia

“…Although the variation was not statistically significant, Yalew and Fantahun [26], and Teferi and Biniam [27] had also reported higher prevalence of bovine trypanosomes in males than in females (X2 = 0.85, p=0.35 and X2= 0.10, p>0.05, respectively). According to Gemtessa and Dera [28], the higher prevalence of trypanosomes in males rather than in females might be related to the hardworking of male animals. Similarly, the variation in the prevalence between the two sexes might also be associated with that male animals travel longer distances to tsetse abundant areas for draught and ploughing purposes, and the journey creates stress leading to susceptibility to the infection [23,)].In contrast to this study,Kitila et al [30] at Yayo District Illuababora Zone of Western Oromia and Tamirat et al [31] at Enemorena Ener Woreda of Gurage Zone were found higher prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis in female cattle than males.…”