Impinging jets are widely used to achieve a high local convective heat flux, with applications in high power density electronics and various other industrial fields. The heat transfer to steady impinging jets has been extensively researched, yet the understanding of pulsating impinging jets remains incomplete. Although some studies have shown a significant enhancement compared to steady jets, others have shown reductions in heat transfer rate, without consensus on the heat transfer mechanisms that determine this behavior. This study investigates the local convective heat transfer to a pulsating air jet from a long straight circular pipe nozzle impinging onto a smooth