effects on the quality characteristics or output response of a manufacturing process.1 Experimental design techniques have been used extensively for development and improvement of manufacturing processes. Yoshimura et al.2 presented a technique for reducing dimensional variability of rolled 1 Definition of camber controllable process variables so that camber is minimised.
5A measurement system has been designed to characterize the radiant energy efficiency of infrared heating 6 elements. The system also allows for measurement of the radiant heat flux distribution emitted from radiant heater 7 assemblies. To facilitate these, a 6-axis robotic arm is fitted with a Schmidt-Boelter radiant heat flux gauge. A 8 LabVIEW interface operates the robot and positions the sensor in the desired location and subsequently acquires 9 the desired radiant heat flux measurement. To illustrate the functionality of the measurement system and 10 methodology, radiant heat flux distributions and efficiency calculations are performed for a commercially 11 available ceramic heater element for two cases. In the first, a spherical surface is traced around the entire heater 12 assembly and the total radiant power and net radiant efficiency is computed. In the second, 50 cm x 50 cm vertical 13 planes are traced parallel to the front face of the heater assembly at distances between 10 cm and 50 cm and the 14 in-plane power and efficiencies computed. The results indicate that the radiant efficiencies are strongly dependant 15 on the input power to the element and, for the in-plane efficiencies, depend on the distance from the heater.
Impinging jets are widely used to achieve a high local convective heat flux, with applications in high power density electronics and various other industrial fields. The heat transfer to steady impinging jets has been extensively researched, yet the understanding of pulsating impinging jets remains incomplete. Although some studies have shown a significant enhancement compared to steady jets, others have shown reductions in heat transfer rate, without consensus on the heat transfer mechanisms that determine this behavior. This study investigates the local convective heat transfer to a pulsating air jet from a long straight circular pipe nozzle impinging onto a smooth
In the manufacture of rolled steel from a hot strip mill, the final mechanical properties, such as yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and elongation to fracture, are important requirements specified by the customer. The use of mathematical modelling techniques such as multiple regression analysis, or computational developments such as artificial neural networks, can result in the creation of acceptably accurate predictive models. However, the accuracy of any predictive model will depend on the quality of data used in its creation, and thus a brief statistical analysis of the mechanical property data used for model development is discussed. In the present paper a comparison of the application of linear multiple regression, non-linear multiple regression and non-linear neural networks is made for various steel families using data taken from the Corus Port Talbot hot strip mill. A statistical summary of their relative predictive errors is given, and although all three are comparable, the non-linear, black box approach of a suitably structured neural network provides overall more accurate predictive models than the use of linear or non-linear multiple regression.
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