Our study of archival cytological material illustrates the importance of PCR as a potentially useful tool for the detection of M. tuberculosis DNA from FNAC of thyroid lesions, which could provide an alternative for rapid diagnosis of thyroid tuberculosis in AFB-negative cases.

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Objective: To observe and compare the role of ultrasonography and computed tomography in evaluation of causes of obstructive jaundice. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 patients were enrolled in this cross-sectional study done in Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal. Results: Computed tomography and ultrasonography were able to detect the presence of biliary obstruction in 100% of cases. Liver function tests were altered in all the patients with alkaline phosphatase raise out of proportion to the AST/ALT. The highest incidence of biliary obstruction was found in 61-70 years' age group with mean (±SD) age of the patient was 62.7 ± 12.64 years. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of computed tomography and ultrasonograhy in detecting the various causes of obstructive jaundice were 90.85%, 99.21%, 98.15% and 84.15%, 98.86% and 97% respectively. Conclusions: Computed tomography has a high sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in detecting the causes of biliary obstruction. Considering these attributes, computed tomography can be used as an effective diagnostic modality in cases of obstructive jaundice. Accuracy and specificity for ultrasonography is high in detecting the causes of biliary obstruction with a slightly low sensitivity. Hence, ultrasonography can be used as an effective screening modality in cases of obstructive jaundice.

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The knee joint is a biggest joint of the human body with complex articulation characterized by the presence of ligamentous and meniscal structures that plays an important role in the stability and mobility. MRI has significant advantages over plain X-rays and CT scan due to its excellent soft tissue contrast resolution and multiplanar imaging capabilities which surpasses other imaging techniques in the evaluation of traumatic injuries of knee joint. Study aimed to study the role of MRI in the evaluation of traumatic injuries of knee joint. Material and methods: A total number of 200 patients referred with history of knee injury were imaged with 1.5 Tesla Siemens Magnetom Aera MRI machine in the department of radiodiagnosis over a period of one year. Results: Commonest injuries found in our study are anterior cruciate ligament tear, medial meniscus tear, bone contusions and joint effusions. Clinical presentation and plain radiographs were not of much use in diagnosis in most of the cases of acute knee injury, especially in multiple ligament injuries. MRI detected soft tissue injuries very well in addition to the bony injuries. Conclusion: Magnetic resonance imaging is the excellent non-invasive diagnostic tool for knee injury due to excellent soft tissue contrast resolution and multiplanar imaging capabilities which provides excellent soft tissue details of the knee joint.

Background: CT scan is very high sensitive in the diagnosis of calculi. However, it also has its own disadvantage and most important is its radiation. One of the most prominent radiations involved in the medical field is through the CT scan. Hence, it is better to use low dose CT as it emits less radiation than standard radiation. Objectives: The current study was undertaken to observe the effectiveness of low dose CT by comparing with standard CT. Methods: The present study involved 40 patients within the age group of 40 to 60 years of age who were suspected cases of urolithiasis and referred to radiology department for CT scan. Both males (n=18) and females (n=22) were included in the study. Results: There was no significant difference between low dose and standard dose scoring. This clearly indicates that low dose CT is as efficient as standard dose and it can be used for multiple purposes. Conclusion:The study observed no significant difference between the sensitivity levels among standard dose and low dose CT. The study recommends further detailed and multi centric studies to recommend use of low dose rather standard dose for benefit of general population.

To observe the role of ultrasonography in evaluation of causes of obstructive jaundice. A total of 100 patients were enrolled in this cross-sectional study done in Department of Radio-diagnosis, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal. Ultrasonography was able to detect the presence of biliary obstruction in 100% of cases. Liver function tests were altered in all the patients with alkaline phosphatase raise out of proportion to the AST/ALT. The highest incidence of biliary obstruction was found in 61-70 years' age group with mean (±SD) age of the patient was 62.7 ± 12.64 years. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of ultrasonography in detecting the various causes of obstructive jaundice was 84.15%, 98.86% and 97% respectively. Accuracy and specificity for ultrasonography is high in detecting the causes of biliary obstruction with a slightly low sensitivity. Considering these attributes, ultrasonography can be used as a very effective screening modality in cases of obstructive jaundice.