Background: Gestational age is frequently over or under estimated, as the conventional gestational estimation is based on the last menstrual period and on ultrasonography. Many people are unaware of their last menstrual period and irregular menstruation and ultrasonography is bound to have a bias, thereby posing difficulties in the estimation gestational age. Placental thickness measured at the level of umbilical cord insertion appears to be a new promising parameter for estimation of gestational age of fetus as placenta is a maternal foetal organ and its size is a reflection of the health and size of the foetus. It provides the physiological link between a pregnant woman and the fetus.Measurement of placental thickness is relatively simple and very useful. In our present study we have tried to measure Placental thickness at the level of umbilical cord and determine its relationship with gestational age of foetus in normal singleton pregnancy. Methods: The current crossectional study was conducted at the department of radiodiagnosis, Gandhi medical college and Hamidia hospital, Bhopal from April 2012 to December 2014. This is a hospital based study with a sample size of 199 normal antenatal women. All the subjects were enrolled with detailed oral and written consents. All examinations were performed using GE logic 3 expert scanner with 3.5 MHz convex array transducer. Placental thickness in millimeters was measured at the level of insertion of the umbilical cord. Data was compiled in MS excel sheet and analyzed using online statistical calculator, chi square test and pearson correlation coefficient were applied with value of P <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: In the total study group of 199 normal antenatal women, the age ranged between 18yrs to 34 years and the mean age was between 20 and 25 years of age. Anterior placenta was noted to be the most common location amongst the study sample. It is observed that placental thickness correlates with gestational age and gradually increases as gestational age increases. To prove that there was a correlation the between placental thickness and the gestational age, the Pearson correlation coefficient was found to be r = 0.98 and the p value was <0.001, thereby establishing a positive correlation between the two variables, indicating placental thickness measured in millimeters increases with gestational age measured in weeks and were statistically significant. Conclusion: A linear increase in mean placental thickness with gestational age was observed using correlation analysis in our present study conducted to determine the relationship between placental thickness and gestational age. Placental thickness measured in millimeters increases with gestational age from 11 weeks to 37 weeks. Placental thickness can be used as a predictor of the gestational age, in women in whom the last menstrual period is unreliable or is not known. In instances when femoral length was difficult to measure due to excessive foetal movements, Placental thickness was found t...

Introduction: Rotator cuff injury is one of the common causes of long-term shoulder pain anddisability encountered in the orthopedic clinic. The spectrum of rotator cuff injury includestendonitis, partial tears, and complete tears. They also may influence the development of thedegenerative disease of glenohumeral joint and rotator cuff arthropathy. Material and Methods:The present, prospective study entitled “Role of high-frequency USG in rotator cuff injury and itscomparison with MRI” was conducted in the Department of Radiodiagnosis on a total of 100 patientswho presented with signs and symptoms of shoulder joint injury in Department of Orthopedic whowere then referred for USG and MRI examination to the Department of Radiodiagnosis. Result:Mean age of the patients was 38.26±14.51 years and the majority of patients belonged to the 3rddecade (34%). About 7% of patients belonged to the 2nd decade, 18% of patients each belonged tothe 4th and 5th decades of age group. Only 8% and 7% of patients in the present study belonged toextremes of age i.e. >60 years and <20 years respectively. Conclusion: Based on the findings ofthe present study, it is concluded that rotator cuff injuries are commonly encountered conditions inroutine practice, and males are commonly affected as compared to females.

Background: SCD is one of the most common inherited hemoglobinopathies worldwide. It is a major health problem in Madhya Pradesh and surrounding states. The present study was undertaken to infer the value of ultrasonography in evaluating abdominal organs in a SCD patient. Study design: This is a prospective hospital based study. Method: 100 SCD patients were assessed for abdominal pathologies by USG, the results thus analyzed and prevalence was calculated. Result: Hepatomegaly is the most common association observed in 69% of patients followed by splenomegaly in 31% patients & increased renal size in 29% patients. Cholelithiasis (17%), increased renal medullary echogenecity (14%), Auto-splenectomy (11%), Bright liver (9%), Splenic calcification (8%), Increased GB wall thickness (6%), Splenic infarct (5%) and Increased pancreatic echogenicity (3%) are the other associated findings. Conclusion: Real time ultrasonography is a simple, cheap, rapid, easily accessible, non-invasive, non-ionizing screening procedure in all cases of SCD patient for assessment of pathological changes occurring in the various abdominal organs. The high rates of abdominal pathologies being diagnosed on ultrasonography underscores the need for it to be established as a standard screening procedure with established protocols.

Background: Characterizing a hepatic lesion as benign or malignant is essential for correct therapeutic plan and surgical triage. USG plays major role in screening of a liver lesion. Conventional CT with only portal venous phase has certain limitations including its inability to detect lesions which enhances in early arterial phase like HCC and those enhancing in delayed phase like Cholangiocarcinoma. Triphasic CT utilizes three phases and offers a comprehensive and accurate determination. Design: This prospective study included 100 patients with clinical suspicion of hepatic masses. Materials and Methods: All patients underwent both USG and triple phase CT, accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of both the modalities were calculated. Results: USG proved to be a good screening modality with a sensitivity of 82.7%, specificity 95.6%, PPV 82.7% and NPV 95.6% (p value<0.001, kappa value 0.678). Triple phase CT is excellent for characterisation and better evaluation of hepatic masses with sensitivity of 91.3%, specificity 97.8%, PPV 91.3% and NPV 97.8% (p value <0.001, kappa value 0.847). Malignant hepatic lesions can be diagnosed by triphasic CT with accuracy of 93%, sensitivity and specificity of 93.3% and 92.5% respectively and with PPV and NPV of 94.9% and 90.2% respectively and by USG with accuracy of 87%, sensitivity and specificity of 90% and 82.5% respectively and PPV and NPV of 88.5% and 84.6% respectively. Conclusion: Ultrasonography must be performed in all patients with clinical suspicion of hepatic masses for initial detection and localisation of lesion. Also it is widely available, less expensive and with no radiation exposure. But in comparison to triple phase CT it has lower sensitivity in differentiating benign hepatic lesions from malignant, determining accurate extension of tumor with vascular invasion.