No abstract

Seeking to obtain bulk (NPK -nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium), chlorine-free fertilizers, the infl uence of interaction between potassium chloride and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate in aqueous solutions at temperature of 20, 40, 60 and 80°C has been investigated. Components of the solid phase have been identifi ed by methods of chemical and instrumental analysis: radiography (X -ray), infra -red molecular absorption spectroscopy (IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It has been observed that the largest amount of solid state potassium dihydrogen phosphate was obtained at 60-80°C, when the potassium chloride and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate molar ratio is equal 0.8:0.2. Changing the molar ratio of 0.5:0.5 to 0.8:0.2, and with increasing temperature, various shaped crystals have developed in the remaining aqueous solutions with a morphology shifting from sharp needles to tetragonal prism.

KH2PO4, which was manufactured using conversion of KCl and NH4H2PO4, is concentrated crystalline chlorine-free phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. It is usually used as a component of liquid complex fertilizer, because KH2PO4 crystals melt very easily, have very high hygroscopicity and caking effect. Granulated products are considerably more convenient than powders, but KH2PO4 crystals are pure, hardly agglomerate, therefore they need a proper binder. This study aims to investigate the influence of cellulose additive and other different conditions on the granulation process and on the properties of the granulated product. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate was granulated using three different types of granulators (rotary, a fluidized bed and a drum) and by changing the amount of water used for irrigation purposes. The achieved results indicate that in order to obtain granulated potassium dihydrogen phosphate with optimal properties the use of water does not suffice; therefore, another binder (cellulose) was used in order to improve physical and mechanical properties of the granules. Was determined that cellulose additive (5%) improves some properties of the fertilizer such as, the amount of marketable fraction, SGN, pH, also reduces the hygroscopicity of the fertilizer granules about 2 times. But cellulose additive does not improves the static strength of granules and bulk density. Highlights1. Fluidized bed and rotary granulators cannot be used to obtain granulated PDP.2. For PDP granulation can be used drum-granulator-dryer.3. PDP cannot be granulated by using water.4. MC addition improving the most important properties of fertilizer.

concentrations were determined • The solid-liquid equilibrium in the liquid phase after conversion was determined • N content in the liquid phase increased and crystallization temperature decreased with adding of NH 4 NO 3(s) • Basic properties of liquid compound fertilizers were determined • The liquid phase after conversion can be used as a liquid compound fertilizer during the summer Abstract Liquid compound fertilizers (LCF) are aqueous salt solutions which nourish the soil. They contain nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sometimes calcium, magnesium and micronutrients. An LCF solution has practically no insoluble residue and contains the elements in a fully digestible form and is a high-speed, highly effective fertilizer. It is important to assess the equilibrium in the solid-liquid system when creating liquid compound fertilizers, since their basic properties, concentration and crystallization temperature, depend on it. The aim of the study was to determine properties of a liquid multicomponent (K + , NH 4 + , Cland PO 4 3-) system. This liquid multicomponent system, which was obtained as a by-product in the conversion of KCl and NH 4 H 2 PO 4 , can be used as a liquid fertilizer. This work investigates liquid fertilizers' chemical composition and their physicochemical properties, such as crystallization temperature, pH, density, viscosity and corrosivity. In order to increase nitrogen concentration, ammonium nitrate was added. Composition of the solid phase obtained by crystallization was identified by methods of chemical and instrumental analysis (radiography, infrared molecular absorption spectroscopy and optical microscopy). The results show that all properties of liquid fertilizers are best when the concentration of NH 4 NO 3 in liquid solutions equals 8%.

Įvairiose pramonės šakose, ypač chemijos, gaminant daugelį produktų vienas iš ekonominiu ir aplinkosauginiu požiūriu teigiamų aspektų yra beatliekės technologijos sukūrimas ir naudojimas. Vykdant kalio chlorido ir amonio dihidrofosfato konversiją, susidaro kalio dihidrofosfato kristalai ir pokristalizaciniai tirpalai, kuriuose, atsižvelgiant į konversijos sąlygas, gali būti įvairios NH4 + , K + , PO4 3ir Cljonų koncentracijos. Nustačius, kad po KCl ir NH4H2PO4 sąveikos (santykiu 0,8 : 0,2) susidariusiuose pokristalizaciniuose tirpaluose, atsižvelgiant į konversijos temperatūrą,