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New N,N-disubstituted β-amino acids and their derivatives with thiazole, aromatic, and heterocyclic substituents were synthesized from N-phenyl-N-thiocarbamoyl-β-alanine by the Hantzsch method; derivatives with hydrazone fragments were also obtained. Some of the synthesized compounds exhibited discrete antimicrobial activity, and 3-[(4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)(phenyl)amino]propanoic acid was found to promote rapeseed growth and to increase seed yield and oil content.

Recently synthesized, sustainable zinc (Zn) fertilizers, derived using dairy wastewater and solid zinc containing waste (Zn-WWT), have been tested and their agricultural performance assessed utilizing agricultural pot experimentation for wheat and maize growth. The data obtained have demonstrated that Zn-WWT achieved a Zn concentration increase in the green biomass at levels comparable to those delivered by conventional, water-soluble Zn fertilizers, such as ZnSO4, low solubility ZnO, and chelated Zn-EDTA. An increase in dry wheat mass yield obtained using Zn-WWT was statistically significant when compared with the control samples. Different from conventional Zn fertilizer sources, Zn-WWT contains significant amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, and organic carbon, all derived from environmentally benign and sustainable sources, which benefit wheat and maize growth. The presence of these elements suggests a new way for improving waste utilization via nutrient recovery and supply to zinc deficient plants. While agrochemical performance varied among the plants tested as a function of zinc delivery sources, their solubility in water, and application methods, only Zn-WWT represented a fully sustainable fertilizer that can be derived from solid and liquid waste to mimic chelation with the resulting slow release properties.

Assessing the response of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) to the nitrogen and sulphur fertiliser rates calculated using different diagnostic methods was the main aim of the experiment conducted at the Rumokai Experimental Station of the Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry in 2010-2012. The experiment was carried out on a Bathihypogleyi-Calc(ar)ic Luvisol (LVk-gld-w) with a predominant soil texture of silt loam on heavy clay. The mineral sulphur content determined in 0-60 cm soil layer in spring was very low in 2010 and 2012 and medium in 2011; the treatment of spring barley crop with S 15-20 rates the grain yield increased by 5.1-23%, straw yield -by 8.3-19.4%. Mineral nitrogen levels in 0-60 cm soil layer were high and very high (102-173 kg ha -1 ) at the end of spring barley tillering stage (BBCH 28); at the same time the content of total nitrogen in barley leaves was optimal. Due to this, the adjustment of supplementary fertilisation (increasing/decreasing of the nitrogen rate by 20-60 kg ha -1 ) had no significant effect on the crop yield, productivity components and starch and crude protein content in grains. Foliar fertilisation of spring barley increased the grain yield statistically significantly only in 2010 when mineral sulphur and mineral nitrogen content in 0-60 cm soil layer at the spring barley tillering stage (BBCH 28) was significantly lower (8.5 and 123 kg ha -1 , respectively) in comparison to the other experimental years. The yield increase was 41.8% when ammonium sulphate had been applied and 12.1% when urea had been applied.

In 2019-2021, the experiment was carried out with the aim to investigate how sulphur (S) fertiliser rates under different nitrogen (N) fertiliser backgrounds influenced winter wheat grain yield, grain quality, and plant productivity indicators. The winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar 'Janne' was grown in four N background treatments with N 60 , N 120 , N 180 , and N 240 without S fertilisation and also fertilised with S 15 (in all N fertilisation treatments), S 30 (only with N 120 and N 240 ), and S 60 (only with N 240 ). The results showed that S fertilisation increased the wheat grain yield significantly in individual research years and only in the plots fertilised with higher N rates. N fertilisers increased the protein content, sedimentation, and gluten content of the grain, while S fertilisers only in one year and only in the N 180 fertilisation treatment. The results of experiment showed that the N:S ratio for the winter wheat at the BBCH 30 growth stage was in the range of 8-16, and at the BBCH 65 it was in the range of 9-19 indicating that the winter wheat was optimally or even more than optimally supplied with S.

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Adopting new practices is an imperative need to increase the efficiency of nitrogen use (NUE), especially in selecting appropriate N-fertilizer sources and application doses. Regretfully, conventional urea’s ability to supply nitrogen to soils is quickly lost as a result of volatilization, leaching, and denitrification. Thus, this study’s main aim was to use various modified urea compounds with different doses and investigate their effect on mineral nitrogen release in the soil to improve nitrogen uptake and its use efficiency under the corn growth system. The field trial was conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) by 28 experimental plots. Seven treatments including a control (C), urea (U100 and U200), urea + potassium humate (UPH100 and UPH200), and urea cocrystal (UC100 and UC200) with four replicates were used. The results reported that the treatments significantly (p < 0.05) affected grain yields. The urea treatments (U100 = 100 kg N ha−1, U200 = 200 kg N ha−1) increased the grain yields by 7.16% and 30.53%, respectively, compared to the control (C), while the urea + potassium humate treatments (UPH100 = 100 kg N ha−1, UPH200 = 200 kg N ha−1) and urea cocrystal treatments (UC100 = 100 kg N ha−1, UC200 =200 kg N ha−1) provided a 30.51, 50.47, 39.23, and 56.63% increase in grain yields, respectively, compared to the control. The treatments had significant (p ≤ 0.05) effects on the fresh leaves and stems yield and the dry matter, fresh cob, and dry cob yields. Moreover, the use of modified urea as urea + potassium humate and urea cocrystal at high rates of 200 kg N ha−1 showed highly significant (p < 001) effects on the uptake in grain, stems, and total nitrogen uptake by corn compared to the control and urea alone. This study highlighted that modified urea fertilizers such as urea + potassium humate and urea cocrystal were better than conventional urea to improve corn yield productivity and N use efficiency.