Background and Aims: Older people have higher rates of comorbidities and may experience more severe inflammatory responses; therefore, are at higher risk of death. Herein, we aimed to systematically review the mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and its predictors in this age group.Methods: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct using relevant keywords. Retrieved records underwent a two-step screening process consisting of title/abstract and full-text screenings to identify the eligible studies.Results: Summarizing findings of 35 studies demonstrated that older patients have higher mortality rates compared to the younger population. A review of articles revealed that increasing age, body mass index, a male gender, dementia, impairment or dependency in daily activities, presence of consolidations on chest X-ray, hypoxemic respiratory failure, and lower oxygen saturation at admission were risk factors for death. High D-dimer levels, 25-hydroxy vitamin D serum deficiencies, high C-reactive protein (≥5 mg/L) levels plus any other abnormalities of lymphocyte,

Background Sexual problems are prevalently experienced by women with multiple sclerosis (MS) and have investigated in several studies. The nature of sexual changes in MS is best defined as primary, secondary, and tertiary. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate three levels of sexual problems (SP) in female patients with MS and to examine their relationship with various clinical and demographic variables. Methods 132 women with MS completed two questionnaires; demographic and clinical history, and Multiple Sclerosis Intimacy and Sexuality Questionnaire-19 (MSISQ-19). Fatigue was evaluated by Fatigue (energy) sub-scale of Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life-54 (MSQOL-54) questionnaire. General physical ability and frequency of sexual intercourse were also evaluated. Results 115 patients (87.1%) reported primary SP. The most frequent symptoms of primary, secondary and tertiary sexual problems were delayed orgasm, spasticity and concern about partner’s sexual satisfaction, respectively. The MSISQ-19 total score was correlated with age(p=0.002), disease duration(p=0.010), marriage duration(p=0.001), fatigue(p<0.001), number of children(p=0.006), physical ability(p<0.001), education(p=0.006), economic status(p=0.002), number of times having sexual intercourse(p=0.007) and number of times approached by spouse for intercourse(p=0.012) in the last 30 days. Conclusions Sexual problems were prevalent among our participants. Appropriate management of SP depends on understanding the disturbed level.

Introduction Since the outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) began, necessary measures to prevent virus transmission and reduce mortality have been implemented, including mandatory public use of masks, regular hand-sanitizing and hand-washing, social distancing, avoidance of crowds, remote work, and cancellation of public events. During and after the introduction of COVID-19 lockout, we performed a systematic review of available published literature to investigate the incidence of seasonal influenza and other respiratory viral infections. Methods PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Research Gate, and the World Health Organization databases and websites were systematically searched for original studies concerning the impact of COVID-19 prevention means and measures on other common respiratory infectious diseases during the pandemic published by March 2021. Results The findings showed that the adherence to health protocols to prevent COVID-19 could help to reduce the incidence of other infectious diseases such as influenza, pneumonia, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Conclusion The implemented prevention measures and protocols might have reduced the incidence of influenza and some other common respiratory infections. However, controversies exist on this matter and future large population-based studies might provide further information to address these controversies.

Introduction COVID-19 vaccines emerged as a worldwide hope to contain the pandemic. However, many people ‎are still hesitant to receive these vaccines. We aimed to systematically review the public knowledge, perception, and acceptability of COVID-19 vaccines in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries and the predictors of vaccine acceptability in this region. Methods We systematically searched databases of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane and retrieved ‎all relevant studies by 5 August 2021. Results There was a considerable variation in the COVID-19 vaccine acceptance ‎rates, from 12% in a study from Israel to 83.3% in Kuwait, although two other studies from Israel mentioned 75% ‎and 82.2% acceptability rates. Concerns about the side effects and safety of the vaccine were the main reasons for ‎the lack of acceptability of taking the vaccine, which was reported in 19 studies. ‎ Conclusion Several factors, such as age, gender, education level, and comorbidities, ‎are worthy of attention as they could expand vaccine coverage in the target population.‎

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Background: Numerous vaccines are implementation for the prevention of severe course and lethal outcome of coronavirus disease 2019 .Objective: This systematic review aims to summarize and integrated the ndings of studies regarding cutaneous side effects of COVID-19 vaccines.Methods: This systematic review conducted by searching the scienti c databases of PubMed, Scopus, Science direct, and Web of knowledge from the beginning of the COVID-19 to10/5/2021. Articles were reviewed and analyzed based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist.Results: Seventeen studies were included after the screening of search results based on to the eligibility criteria. The results showed that injection site reactions and delayed large local reactions were the most common side effects arising from all vaccine types. Most cutaneous reactions occurred in middleaged women, after the rst dose of vaccine, and 1-21 days after vaccination. Most cutaneous reactions were self-limiting, need little or no therapeutic intervention, and were not regarded as a barrier to injecting a second dose. Limitations:Conclusion: In certain groups such as patients with allergies and a history of local injection reactions, pre-vaccination counseling and the use of appropriate medications may be helpful. However, more studies are needed to investigate the side effect pro le of all COVID-19 vaccines.This study was a systematic review that was performed by searching the scienti c databases of PubMed, Scopus, Science direct, and Web of knowledge for relevant English articles published from the beginning of the COVID-19 to10/5/2021. Analysis of retrieved articles was performed in four-step selection process of identi cation, screening, eligibility, and inclusion criteria, based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist. Search strategyWe conducted a comprehensive search on the scienti c databases using MeSH keywords including: COVID-19 OR SARS-CoV-2 OR Coronavirus OR "Corona virus" OR COVID; AND vaccine OR vaccines OR vaccination OR sputnik OR astrazeneca OR P zer OR sinopharm OR moderna OR bharat OR "Johnson &Johnson"; AND effect OR reaction OR adverse OR subsequence OR consequence OR complication OR outcome OR aftereffect OR disorder OR disturbance OR sequel; AND skin OR cutaneous OR Derm OR dermis OR keratinocyte OR dermatology.To nd more studies, the references in the relevant papers were also followed up. The search was performed by two independent researchers. Study selectionIn the rst step two researchers reviewed the retrieved articles and removed the duplicates. In other steps, the researchers screened the title and abstract of the records and the ineligible studies were removed. Then, the authors surveyed the full-text of the remaining studies based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and the eligible studies (case report, case series, and cross-sectional) were identi ed.We excluded the articles which were topic to at least one of the following criteria: N...

Introduction The use of new technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) in the management of chronic diseases, especially in the COVID pandemics, could be a life‐saving appliance for public health practice. The purpose of the current study is to identify the applications and capability of IoT and digital health in the management of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching the online databases of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science using selected keywords to retrieve the relevant literature published until December 25th, 2021. The most relevant original English studies were included after initial screening based on the inclusion criteria. Results Overall, 18 studies were included. Most of the studies reported benefits and positive responses in the form of patients' and healthcare providers' satisfaction and trust in the online systems. Many services were provided to the patients, including but not limited to training the patients on their conditions; monitoring vital signs and required actions when vital signs were altered; ensuring treatment adherence; monitoring and consulting the patients regarding diet, physical activity, and lifestyle. Conclusion IoT is a new technology, which can help us improve health care services during the COVID‐19 pandemic. It has a network of various sensors, obtaining data from patients. We have found several applications for this technology. Future studies can be conducted for the capability of other technologies in the management of chronic diseases.

Background and Aims The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) over the past year has affected public health worldwide. During pregnancy, the maternal immune system and inflammatory responses are widely suppressed. Pregnancy‐related immune system suppression could make the mother vulnerable to infectious diseases like SARS‐COV‐2. However, current data suggest little to no possibility of COVID‐19 transmission in pregnant women to the fetus during pregnancy or childbirth. This systematic review focused on the possible complications of COVID‐19 infection in the fetus and newborn babies including the possibility and evidence of vertical transmission by reviewing articles published during the first year of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Methods We conducted a systematic search using keywords on PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases. The studies followed a title/abstract and a full‐text screening process, and the eligible articles were included in the study. Results In total, 238 published papers were identified using a systematic search strategy (44 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final review). In all studies, a total of 2375 women with signs and symptoms of COVID‐19, who were in the second and third trimester of pregnancy, were assessed mild to moderate pneumonia was one of the most common symptoms. Seventy‐three percent of the women did not present any comorbidity, 19% had a fever, 17% had to cough as the most frequent clinical signs and symptoms, 7.5% had pulmonary changes with chest scans, 8% had increased C reactive protein, and 9.4% had decreased lymphocytes (lymphocytopenia). A total of 2716 newborns and fetal were assessed; the delivery method of 1725 of them was reported, 913 (53%) through C‐section delivery, and 812 through normal vaginal delivery (47%). Of total newborns, 13 died (five died along with the mother), and 1965 were tested for SARS‐CoV‐2:118 tested positive. In a study, vertical transmission in seven cases was reported in total of 145 cases assessed. Conclusion It appeared that most pregnant COVID patients were mildly ill, and there is currently no convincing evidence to support the vertical transmission of COVID‐19 disease. Therefore, neonates do not represent any additional risk for adverse outcomes neither during the prenatal period nor after birth.