Background: Numerous vaccines are implementation for the prevention of severe course and lethal outcome of coronavirus disease 2019 .Objective: This systematic review aims to summarize and integrated the ndings of studies regarding cutaneous side effects of COVID-19 vaccines.Methods: This systematic review conducted by searching the scienti c databases of PubMed, Scopus, Science direct, and Web of knowledge from the beginning of the COVID-19 to10/5/2021. Articles were reviewed and analyzed based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist.Results: Seventeen studies were included after the screening of search results based on to the eligibility criteria. The results showed that injection site reactions and delayed large local reactions were the most common side effects arising from all vaccine types. Most cutaneous reactions occurred in middleaged women, after the rst dose of vaccine, and 1-21 days after vaccination. Most cutaneous reactions were self-limiting, need little or no therapeutic intervention, and were not regarded as a barrier to injecting a second dose. Limitations:Conclusion: In certain groups such as patients with allergies and a history of local injection reactions, pre-vaccination counseling and the use of appropriate medications may be helpful. However, more studies are needed to investigate the side effect pro le of all COVID-19 vaccines.This study was a systematic review that was performed by searching the scienti c databases of PubMed, Scopus, Science direct, and Web of knowledge for relevant English articles published from the beginning of the COVID-19 to10/5/2021. Analysis of retrieved articles was performed in four-step selection process of identi cation, screening, eligibility, and inclusion criteria, based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist. Search strategyWe conducted a comprehensive search on the scienti c databases using MeSH keywords including: COVID-19 OR SARS-CoV-2 OR Coronavirus OR "Corona virus" OR COVID; AND vaccine OR vaccines OR vaccination OR sputnik OR astrazeneca OR P zer OR sinopharm OR moderna OR bharat OR "Johnson &Johnson"; AND effect OR reaction OR adverse OR subsequence OR consequence OR complication OR outcome OR aftereffect OR disorder OR disturbance OR sequel; AND skin OR cutaneous OR Derm OR dermis OR keratinocyte OR dermatology.To nd more studies, the references in the relevant papers were also followed up. The search was performed by two independent researchers. Study selectionIn the rst step two researchers reviewed the retrieved articles and removed the duplicates. In other steps, the researchers screened the title and abstract of the records and the ineligible studies were removed. Then, the authors surveyed the full-text of the remaining studies based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and the eligible studies (case report, case series, and cross-sectional) were identi ed.We excluded the articles which were topic to at least one of the following criteria: N...

This pictorial essay focuses on ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of fetal intracranial cysts. Intracranial cysts are common findings in prenatal imaging, and if great attention is paid to their size, location, and imaging features, they can be diagnosed accurately. They are usually detected by fetal ultrasound exams. However, when ultrasound data on cystic lesion characteristics is insufficient, MRI and fetal neurosonogram are the best options for detecting other associated anomalies. The prognosis is highly dependent on their location and whether they are associated with other fetal anomalies.

Background: This study was aimed to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of isolated CHD and non isolated CHD and also compare with major and minor cardiac anomalies.

Background: Numerous vaccines are implementation for the prevention of severe course and lethal outcome of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Objective: This systematic review aims to summarize and integrated the findings of studies regarding cutaneous side effects of COVID-19 vaccines. Methods: This systematic review conducted by searching the scientific databases of PubMed, Scopus, Science direct, and Web of knowledge from the beginning of the COVID-19 to10/5/2021. Articles were reviewed and analyzed based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist.Results: Seventeen studies were included after the screening of search results based on to the eligibility criteria. The results showed that injection site reactions and delayed large local reactions were the most common side effects arising from all vaccine types. Most cutaneous reactions occurred in middle-aged women, after the first dose of vaccine, and 1-21 days after vaccination. Most cutaneous reactions were self-limiting, need little or no therapeutic intervention, and were not regarded as a barrier to injecting a second dose.Limitations:Conclusion: In certain groups such as patients with allergies and a history of local injection reactions, pre-vaccination counseling and the use of appropriate medications may be helpful. However, more studies are needed to investigate the side effect profile of all COVID-19 vaccines.

Background: Primary ovarian insufficiency is menopause before the age of 40. It can affect the quality of life of afflicted women. Because there is no instrument available for measuring the quality of life of these women, the present study was carried out to develop and assess the psychometric properties of the quality of life scale for women with primary ovarian insufficiency.Methods: This exploratory sequential mixed method study was performed in two phases. In the qualitative phase (item generation), semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 16 women having primary ovarian insufficiency, and a literature review was performed to generate initial items pool. In the quantitative phase (psychometric evaluation), the face, content, and construct validity (exploratory factor analysis), as well as reliability (internal consistency and test-retest methods), were evaluated. Besides, the responsiveness and interpretability were investigated.Results: During the first phase of the study, the initial item pool was generated with 132 items. After the face and content validity, the number of items was reduced to 40. The results of exploratory factor analysis yielded a 28 item scale with six factors. These factors explained 58.55% of the total variance. The Cronbach’s alpha for each factor was more than 0.7. Furthermore, the intraclass correlation coefficient for the entire scale was 0.95.Conclusions: The primary ovarian insufficiency quality of life scale (POIQOLS) is a valid and reliable tool for accessing the quality of life of women with primary ovarian insufficiency.

In situations like peritonitis due to bile duct injuries drains insertion give an opportunity for healing. However in presented case the bile leakage from drains spontaneously stopped. Only constipation leads to icterus. A spontaneous choledoco enteric fistula explains these conditions, discovered later. It could be the result of inflammation causing adhesion.

Background Primary ovarian insufficiency is menopause before the age of 40. It can affect the quality of life of afflicted women. Because there is no instrument available for measuring the quality of life of these women, the present study was carried out to develop and assess the psychometric properties of the quality of life scale for women with primary ovarian insufficiency. Methods This exploratory sequential mixed method study was performed in two phases. In the qualitative phase (item generation), semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 16 women having primary ovarian insufficiency, and a literature review was performed to generate initial items pool. In the quantitative phase (psychometric evaluation), the face, content, and construct validity (exploratory factor analysis), as well as reliability (internal consistency and test–retest methods), were evaluated. Besides, the responsiveness and interpretability were investigated. Results During the first phase of the study, the initial item pool was generated with 132 items. After the face and content validity, the number of items was reduced to 40. The results of exploratory factor analysis yielded a 28 item scale with six factors. These factors explained 58.55% of the total variance. The Cronbach’s alpha for each factor was more than 0.7. Furthermore, the intraclass correlation coefficient for the entire scale was 0.95. Conclusions The primary ovarian insufficiency quality of life scale (POIQOLS) is a valid and reliable tool for accessing the quality of life of women with primary ovarian insufficiency.