Corn oil is considered one of the best edible vegetable oils. Unfortunately, the storage of corn kernels as practiced in rural areas affects the quality of the fat. However, the triple bagging system and aromatic plants remain alternatives to the poor storage practiced by certain players in the ivorian maize sector. However, their influence on the quality of the fat in the grains remains to be elucidated. This study aims to evaluate, during storage, the fatty acid (FA) profile of the oil obtained from corn kernels packaged in a triple bagging system with or without the leaves of Lippia multiflora and Hyptis suaveolens. Thus, 6 batches including one control in polypropylene bag, one batch in triple bagging without biopesticides and four batches in triple bagging with variable proportions and/or combination of Lippia multiflora and Hyptis suaveolens (2.5 % and 5 % and a combination 0 to 100 % Lippia) were made up to follow the evolution of the fatty acid (FA) composition of the extracted oils during six observation periods (0 ; 1 ; 4.5 ; 9.5 ; 14.5 and 18 months). The estimated intake and fatty acid contribution were also evaluated after 18 months of storage. The storage time and the type of packaging have a significant influence on the fatty acid profile of oils. During grain storage, the FA profile of the oils obtained from the grains stored in the triple bagging with the biopesticides varied very little. At the end of storage, their average composition was 13.40 % saturated fatty acids (SFA), 31.76 % monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and 50.45 % polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). On the other hand, at the end of grain storage, the grain oil from the triple bagged batch without biopesticides consists of 16 % SFA, 38.85 % MUFA, and 45.70 % PUFA. The contribution to meeting energy needs is ensured from the consumption of oil from grains stored for 18 months in triple bagging systems associated with biopesticides. Therefore the combination of these aromatic leaves with triple bagging is more advantageous to preserve the FA profile of the grains during storage.
La culture du niébé requiert de nos jours, une attention particulière à cause de sa sensibilité aux insectes ravageurs. La présente étude vise à déterminer, au laboratoire, les doses optimales de la combinaison des biopesticides (Topbio et virus MaviMNPV) à utiliser dans la lutte contre les principaux ravageurs du niébé notamment, Maruca vitrata, Aphis craccivora, et Megalurothrips sjostedti. A cet effet, les insectes ont été inoculés avec différentes doses des combinaisons de Topbio et du virus MaviMNPV variant respectivement de660 ml à 1000 ml et de 70 ml à 106 ml en utilisant la méthode des surfaces de réponses. La mortalité et la survie des insectes ont été évaluées et les doses optimales de la combinaison des biopesticides ont été déterminées. Les résultats ont montré que les effets linéaires et/ou quadratiques de la combinaison des biopesticides influencent significativement les taux de mortalité, d’émergence des larves et de mortalité des chrysalides. Ces taux ont varié de 63,33 à 85%, de 12,5 à 37,5%, et de 44,44 à 87,5% respectivement pour les taux de mortalité, d’émergence des larves et de mortalité des chrysalides de Maruca vitrata. Les taux de mortalité des formes adultes de Aphis craccivora, et Megalurothrips sjostedti, ont varié respectivement de 88,33 à 95% et de 85 à 95%. L’efficacité optimale des biopesticides est obtenue pour 1000 ml de Topbio et 106 ml du virus MaviMNPV avec un taux de désirabilité de 85%.Mots clés : Topbio, virus MaviMNPV, ravageurs, taux de mortalité, taux d’émergence
Aims: To assess the effectiveness of triple bagging systems with or without Lippia multiflora leaves on the vitamin-quality of cowpea seeds during storage. Methodology: Cowpea seeds that have undergone any treatment were collected from producer in the southwest of Côte d’Ivoire. The fresh leaves of Lippia multiflora were collected and dried in sunlight for 7 days in center of Côte d’Ivoire. The storage bags used were obtained from the suppliers to Côte d’Ivoire in Abidjan. All this material was sent to the Laboratory of Biochemistry and Food Sciences, Felix Houphouet-Boigny University, Côte d’Ivoire to perform the experiment. Thus for the experiment realization, a central composite design (CCD) was used. The first factor of CCD consisted to six types of packaging, namely: one control with polypropylene bag (TST), one triple bagging batch (composed of 2 internal layers in independent high density polyethylene 80 mm thick and a woven bag polypropylene) without biopesticide (H0), and four batches (H1, H2, H3 and H4) containing respectively (0.7%; 2.5; 4.3%; and 5%) biopesticide. The second factor, storage time, it included six periods of observation (0; 1; 2; 4.5; 7 and 8 months). HPLC techniques were used for the separation and quantification of β-carotene, α-tocopherol (vitamin E) and the water-soluble vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine and folic acid). The estimated daily intake of folic acid (vitamin B9) was also evaluated for Ivorian adult of 70 kg. Results: The results of vitamin properties indicate a significant influence (P < 0.05) between the type of treatments and shelf life. Multivariate analysis results (PCA and AHC) indicate that the addition of at least 0.7% Lippia multiflora leaves in triple bagging systems makes preservation more efficient and preserves the vitamin quality of the cowpea seeds during 8 months. The contribution to meeting vitamin B9 requirements is palpable when cowpea seeds are stored for up to 8 months in the triple bagging systems associated with the biopesticide. Conclusion: Cowpea seeds storage in triple bagging systems with Lippia multiflora leaves appears as a method of effective and inexpensive conservation to ensure the vitamin-quality of cowpea.
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