The energy security is a subject often picked by government representatives of current times, who take actions influencing geopolitical relationship of Europe and globe. It is an important aspect because of its economical, ecological and environmental nature. Tensions between countries of Eastern Europe, legislative changes made by European Union and rapidly increasing demand in the energy sector lead players to securing their resources and its supplies, along with infrastructure. Energy Security Index (WBE) proposed by A. Sokołowski (2010) and Kościuszko Institute is an effective tool for measurement, impartial assessment and classification of analyzed economies, checking their flexibility and possibilities in the international energy arena. The index is built as multidimensional comparison analysis, which gives the prospect of creating rankings. This article presents the essence of energy security in the context of an economic potentiality in the gas sector, with the chosen elements counting into WBE and its applications. The vast aggregate is created by calculations, using worked data, to summarize assessment of energy security status of examined country. The authors tried to compare chosen elements of WBE of neighboring Polish and Ukrainian economies. As an addition, based on data availability, information is enriched by appropriate commentary. Graphics shows the essence and summary of gas transportation infrastructure in both countries and gives the idea of possibilities of cooperation between them.
Transport management is an important logistics activity. The choice of transport branches ultimately boils down to two important elements such as costs and quality of services. The features and elements related to reliability, speed, the ability to control and carriage monitoring are also taken into account. Despite high costs, air transport is part of the global value chain that enables parts to be delivered to factories located in different parts of the world in a short time. Air transport creates 3.6% of the global value of GDP. The main advantage of this branch of transport is the short delivery time and high level of security of goods, including those sensitive to shocks. On the basis of statistical data, the tendency of increasing cargo transport in 2012-2017 can be seen. The paper presents the specification of cargoes transported by air, applicable documentation, a waybill and cargo units, and types of goods security.
The article contains synthetic characteristics of activities related to the implementation of innovation, and the basic research problem was to present the dynamics of changes in the area of research and development activities, with particular emphasis on the expenditure and expenses for the above-mentioned activities in the Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia. The situation in these countries was related to the conditions in the European Union. In addition, the state of R&D staff and the number of obtained intellectual property rights were analyzed. This allowed us to identify the strengths and weaknesses of national innovation systems and to identify areas to which attention should be paid to improving the innovation indicators of individual countries. Research shows that the most innovative country among the three analyzed is the Czech Republic. Subsequently, Slovakia and Poland proved to be the least innovative country. However, in all countries in the last decade there has been a dynamic growth of individual indicators that are significant when measuring the innovativeness of a given country. Although the Czech Republic is leading the way in innovation, in most cases they differ from the EU average indicators.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.