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This article presents a low-cost and area-efficient 28-GHz CMOS phased-array beamformer chip for 5G millimeter-wave dual-polarized multiple-in-multiple-out (MIMO) (DP-MIMO) systems. A neutralized bi-directional technique is introduced in this work to reduce the chip area significantly. With the proposed technique, completely the same circuit chain is shared between the transmitter and receiver. To further minimize the area, an active bi-directional vector-summing phase shifter is also introduced. Area-efficient and high-resolution active phase shifting could be realized in both TX and RX modes. In measurement, the achieved saturated output power for the TX-mode beamformer is 15.1 dBm. The RX-mode noise figure is 4.2 dB at 28 GHz. To evaluate the over-the-air performance, 16 H+16 V sub-array modules are implemented in this work. Each of the sub-array modules consists of four 4 H+4 V chips. Two subarray modules in this work are capable of scanning the beam from −50 • to +50 •. A saturated EIRP of 45.6 dBm is realized by 32 TX-mode beamformers. Within 1-m distance, a maximum SC-mode data rate of 15 Gb/s and the 5G new radio downlink packets transmission in 256-QAM could be supported by the module. A 2 × 2 DP-MIMO communication is also demonstrated with two 5G new radio 64-QAM uplink streams. Thanks to

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This paper presents a 60-GHz CMOS transceiver targeting the IEEE 802.11ay standard. A calibration block for local oscillator feedthrough (LOFT) and I/Q imbalance featuring high accuracy and low power consumption is integrated with the transceiver. With the help of the proposed calibration, this paper is capable of boosting the data rate with higher order modulation scheme and wider channel-bonding bandwidth, which are demanded by IEEE 802.11ay. At the same time, it maintains the compatibility with the existing IEEE 802.11ad standard. This paper reports a two-channel-bonding data rate of 24.64 Gb/s in 128 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). The corresponding TX-to-RX error vector magnitude (EVM) is −26.1 dB. Furthermore, a four-channel-bonding data rate of 42.24 Gb/s in 64 QAM is realized with a single-element transceiver. The measured maximum data rate is 50.1 Gb/s in 64 QAM, which is the highest data rate achieved in the 60-GHz band. The power consumption is only 169 mW in the transmitting mode and 139 mW in the receiving mode.

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Emerging applications across environmental, biomedical, and structural monitoring require the measurement of physical variables over extended regions. Because addressing many sensors individually can result in impractical bandwidth and power requirements, there is a need for distributed sensing approaches wherein readouts are obtained directly at the ensemble level. In turn, this generally requires sensor nodes capable of interacting with each other to implement the required readout statistic. Here, the first practical steps towards approaching this challenge via a nonlinear analog approach based on chaotic synchronization are presented. Namely, single-transistor oscillators, representing remarkably low-complexity yet highlyflexible entities, are experimentally found to be suitable for wireless coupling via mutual induction, realizing a simple form of telemetry for luminous flux. Via numerical simulations and numerous laboratory experiments, a rich repertoire of possible interactions among multiple sensor nodes and between the same and an external exciter is demonstrated, encompassing synchronization, desynchronization, relay effects, and chaotic transitions. Together, these results reveal the possibility and means of accurately estimating the average of a distributed physical magnitude from the complexity of ensemble dynamics. This new approach contributes an important blueprint for future work using simple chaotic circuits in sensing applications.