Human bone allografts present a better alternative to autografts in terms of minimization of the harvesting procedure complications. Prior to the use in clinical applications, they require sterilization which aims to reduce bioburden. This often comes at the expense of their biological properties as carriers of cells. In this study, we evaluated the cytocompatibility of human bone allografts processed and sterilized by three different methods with mesenchymal stromal cells. Bone morphology, biological and biochemical properties of the extracted bone-conditioned medium and viability of cells were assessed. We found that chemical sterilization had a strong negative effect on cell viability, whereas thermal sterilization and washing with subsequent γ-irradiation both resulted in a bone graft compatible with the progenitor cells. Moreover, washing of the bone prior to sterilization allowed solid removal of cell debris and other bone marrow components. Taken together, our findings demonstrate the importance of a proper choice of the bone graft processing method for the production of the biomaterial suitable for tissue engineering.
Despite great progress in the field of biomaterials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, the high requirements placed on artificial matrices (matrices, carriers, scaffolds) are the reason for the ongoing search for natural or synthetic extracellular matrix mimetics. Among such materials, decellularized umbilical cord (UC) stroma appears to be very attractive – it has a high content of hyaluronic acid, cytokines, and growth factors, and there are no ethical restrictions for its production. Decellularized UC stroma has been found to promote cartilage, liver tissue and nerve tissue repair, as well as wound healing. The review critically analyzes and summarizes published data on the ability of decellularized UC stroma to maintain the necessary conditions for adhesion, migration, differentiation and functional activity of adherent cells, thus stimulating the internal (physiological) regenerative potential of tissues. Literature was searched for in the following electronic databases: Medline/PubMed (www/ncbi. nlm.nih.gov/pubmed), Cochrane library (https://www.cochrane.org), and eLIBRARY/Russian Science Citation Index (https://www.elibrary.ru). Inclusion criteria were the presence of biomaterials obtained from decellularized human UC stroma. Exclusion criteria for papers included research objects as decellularized umbilical cord vessels (veins and arteries) and umbilical cord cell cultures. Twenty-five original articles in English and Russian were selected for analysis of the products obtained, their applications, decellularization methods and research results. The review also discusses the prospects for decellularized umbilical cord in medicine.
медицинский исследовательский центр травматологии и ортопедии имени Н.Н. Приорова» Минздрава России, Москва, Российская Федерация 2 ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр трансплантологии и искусственных органов имени академика В.И. Шумакова» Минздрава России, Москва, Российская Федерация В настоящее время существует множество разных методов хирургического восстановления костной ткани, но все большее развитие получают способы биологической реконструкции, основной целью которых является не только восполнение дефекта, но стимуляция процессов регенерации и восстановления кости как органа. В данной публикации авторы описывают базовые принципы ортобиологии и основные ортобиологические материалы. Приведен клинический случай, где применена комбинация аллогенных костнопластических материалов с аутологичной обогащенной тромбоцитами плазмой для реконструкции полостного дефекта большеберцовой кости.
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