Human bone graft cytocompatibility with mesenchymal stromal cells is comparable after thermal sterilization and washing followed by γ-irradiation: an in vitro study

Abstract

Human bone allografts present a better alternative to autografts in terms of minimization of the harvesting procedure complications. Prior to the use in clinical applications, they require sterilization which aims to reduce bioburden. This often comes at the expense of their biological properties as carriers of cells. In this study, we evaluated the cytocompatibility of human bone allografts processed and sterilized by three different methods with mesenchymal stromal cells. Bone morphology, biological and biochemical properties of the extracted bone-conditioned medium and viability of cells were assessed. We found that chemical sterilization had a strong negative effect on cell viability, whereas thermal sterilization and washing with subsequent γ-irradiation both resulted in a bone graft compatible with the progenitor cells. Moreover, washing of the bone prior to sterilization allowed solid removal of cell debris and other bone marrow components. Taken together, our findings demonstrate the importance of a proper choice of the bone graft processing method for the production of the biomaterial suitable for tissue engineering.

Characterization of Osteogenesis and Chondrogenesis of Human Decellularized Allogeneic Bone with Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Bone Marrow, Adipose Tissue, and Wharton’s Jelly

“…Furthermore, no differences in growth rate were observed among hMSCs. The present data are consistent with findings of Labutin et al, that thermal and γ-irradiated sterilization are favorable methods for promoting rat BMMSC survival on hDCB [26]. Furthermore, the present results for cell growth are concurrent with those of Heo et al, indicating no differences in proliferation potential of BMMSCs, ADMSCs, and UMSCs [27].…”

“…After removal of surrounding tissues, the distal femurs were cut into blocks (3 mm 3 ) with a medical hand saw. The wash and γ-irradiation procedures followed those of a previous study [26]. Briefly, bone blocks were washed in distilled water three times for 60 min at 60 • C. The first wash cycle was performed in 10% sodium hydrocarbonate for 20 min, 15 min in hydrodynamic flow, sonication with 10% sodium hydrocarbonate for 20 min at 60 • C, hydrodynamic flow for 15 min, 10% sodium hydrocarbonate for 15 min at 1850× g, centrifugation for 15 min at 1850× g. The second wash cycle was conducted following the same procedures as the first wash with distilled water rather than sodium hydrocarbonate.…”

Evaluation of Bone Regenerative Capacity in Rabbit Femoral Defect Using Thermally Disinfected Bone Human Femoral Head Combined with Platelet-Rich Plasma, Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2, and Zoledronic Acid

“…The Marburg Bone Bank system is based on the thermal disinfection of the femoral bone head and is considered safe, as the bone matrix in the graft provides the necessary osteoconductive properties required for successful bone repair [ 9 , 10 , 11 ]. However, after being extensively processed, bone allografts lose their innate osteoinductive properties and, as a result, are unable to produce the same clinical outcomes as autologous bone grafts [ 12 , 13 ]. Therefore, there has been a growing interest in using growth factors and morphogens as substances that can provide osteoinductivity to bone substitutes [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ].…”

Comparative evaluation of heat-treated bone allograft combined with platelet rich plasma, recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 and zoledronic acid: An experimental study on the histopathological and histomorphometric aspects of bone healing

“…However, after being extensively processed, bone allografts lose their innate osteoinductive properties and, as a result, are unable to produce the same clinical outcomes as autologous bone grafts. [12,13]. Therefore, there has been a growing interest in using growth factors and morphogens as substances that can provide osteoinductivity to bone substitutes.…”