Pesticide measurement in foods is essential for human health. In recent years, multi-residue analysis has become the mainstream method for pesticides, but because the extraction method uses medium-polarity solvents, highly polar pesticides cannot be extracted using this method. Bipyridinium is a highly polar herbicide that is highly adsorbable. Its extraction therefore requires harsh conditions, such as a high concentration of a strong acid. The aim of this study is to investigate whether diquat and paraquat, typical bipyridinium herbicides, can be completely extracted under mild conditions by enzymatically solubilizing plant cell walls. Bipyridinium herbicides are difficult to measure by LC-MS/MS because of their highly cationic property. However, by using an ultra-weak cation exchange column, we were able to measure these herbicides with a separation and sensitivity that meet EU and Japan regulations.
We used ion chromatography with post column derivatization to measure chromium VI concentrations in 155 mineral water MW products purchased from markets in Japan in 2018. Chromium VI recovery in spiked samples of the 155 MW products ranged from 95 to 106 , suggesting that this method is well suited for ensuring that MW products meet the requisite health and food safety standards. Chromium VI levels were above detection limits in 54 of the MW products, giving a total detection rate of 35 . The minimum and maximum chromium VI concentrations in all of the MW products were 0.0001 mg/L and 0.045 mg/L, respectively. The median chromium VI concentration was 0.0003 mg/L, with most MW products having chromium VI concentrations in the range of 0.0001 to 0.0002 mg/L. None of the MW products had chromium VI concentrations that exceeded the current standard value 0.05 mg/L for MW in Japan.
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