Thirty-one animals including Japanese Black (9 steers), Holstein (8 steers examine the effects of breed, sex and anatomical location on the lipid and fatty acid composition of intermuscular fat in the carcasses at a constant slaughter weight, Intermuscular fat samples were taken from the shoulder, loin, rump, brisket and flank regions of each carcass, respectively. Total lipid content was significantly affected by breed and location. Japanese Black had a greater total lipid content than other breeds. Of locations, the flank was greatest in the total lipid content and the brisket was least. As to the lipid composition, the percentage of TG was significantly affected by sex and location, and that of PL. was affected by location. Heifers had a higher percentage of TG than steers. The flank intermuscular fat had the highest percentage of TG and the lowest percentage of PL. The fatty acid compositions of TG, FFA and PL classes were significantly affected by breed, sex and/or location, although some exceptions were observed. In addition, the differences recognized in the fatty acid composition were fairly common to these classes. The principal features were as follows: (1) Japanese Black were higher in the percentages of C 18:1 and TUSF, and C 18/C 16 ratio than Holstein, and the reverse was true for the saturated fatty acids, such as C 14:0, C 16:0 and C 18:0 acids. F1 animals had intermediate values between two breeds for these fatty acids; (2) steers were higher in the percentages of the saturated fatty acids in TG and PL classes than heifers; (3) the flank intermuscular fat contained more saturated fatty acids than other locations. These results suggest that in intermuscular fat, the fatty acid composition of each lipid class varied with the factors considered in present study, and the breed effect was most remarkable. In addition, the differences in the fatty acid composition among breeds or between sexes showed a similar tendency to those of subcutaneous fat.
ABSTRACT. The semen quality of 22 dogs (4 to 7 years old) with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) was examined at the hospital of our university, and 4 of the 22 BPH dogs were diagnosed as azoospermic. The mean peripheral plasma estradiol-17β (E 2 ) level (17.3 pg/ ml) of the 18 BPH dogs with spermatogenic function was higher than that of 5 normal male dogs and their mean T level (1.7 ng/ml) was lower. The mean E 2 level (27.3 pg/ml) of the 4 BPH dogs with azoospermia was significantly higher than the value in the BPH dogs with spermatogenic function (P<0.01), and the mean T level (1.1 ng/ml) was significantly lower (P<0.05). Five normal male dogs were given 10 intramuscular injections of estradiol benzoate (E 2 B) 5 µg/kg, at 3-day intervals to investigate the relationship between high plasma E 2 levels and the cause of the BPH and azoospermia. Their testes and prostates were measured and biopsied both before and 30 days after the start of E 2 B injections. At 30 days after the start of the E 2 B injections, the mean peripheral plasma T levels had decreased by half, and the mean testicular volume had decreased to 88% of original volume. The numbers of spermatocytes, spermatids, and spermatozoa in the seminiferous tubules of all of the dogs were significantly lower (P<0.05, 0.01). In addition, the mean prostatic volume increased to 130%, the mean height of the glandular epithelium decreased, and the glandular lumen became increased in diameter. These findings indicate that both BPH and serious spermatogenic dysfunction may be simultaneously induced by protracted high plasma E 2 levels in dogs. KEY WORDS: azoospermia, benign prostatic hyperplasia, canine, estradiol-17β.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 63(4): 407-412, 2001 Canine benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in dogs is known to occur chiefly in animals more than 6 years old [6], and its occurrence is presumed to be associated with abnormal estradiol-17β (E 2 ) and testosterone (T) secretion by the testes associated with advanced age [5,19]. T is converted to 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in the canine prostate, and prostatic function is maintained by the androgen effects of DHT [10,11]. DHT concentration in the prostates of dogs with BPH has been reported to be higher than in normal dogs [8,14]. Accumulation of DHT in the prostate is accelerated by high plasma E 2 levels and is thought to cause BPH [8,14].Testicular and plasma E 2 are produced by both Leydig cells and Sertoli cells [23]. Infertility in a few human patients has been attributed to elevated testicular E 2 concentrations [13], and the plasma E 2 levels of some azoospermic men have been found to be higher than those of normal men [9,29]. Long term E 2 administration has been shown to inhibit T secretion by the testis in rats [28], to cause the disappearance of spermatids and spermatozoa from the seminiferous tubules of bull testes [21], and to induce the testicular atrophy of dogs [15]. However, in many cases the cause of spermatogenic arrest in dogs is unknown [7,24]. In the present study, the peripheral pla...
In order to examine the effects of breed, sex and anatomical location on the lipid and fatty acid composition of bovine body-cavity fat at a constant weight, bodycavity fat samples were obtained from 5 anatomical locations of the carcasses including mp , brisket and flank comprised the locations.The total lipid content was significantly affected by location, being greater in the rump than other locations.As to the lipid composition, only PL class was significantly affected by location, and the percentage of PL was higher in the shoulder than other locations.The total lipid content and lipid composition of bovine body-cavity fat were not so clearly modified by the factors considered in our present study.The fatty acid compositions of TG, FFA and PL classes, however, were significantly affected by breed, sex and/or location showing similar patterns among lipid classes, although some exceptions were observed.In the fatty acid composition of bovine body-cavity fat, the differences among breeds and between sexes showed similar tendencies to those of subcutaneous and intermuscular fats. Namely, Japanese Black were higher in the percentages of C 18:1 and TUSF, and C 18/C 16 ratio than Holstein, and the reverse tendencies were true for the saturated fatty acids, such as C 14:0, C 16:0 and C 18:0 acids, while F1 animals had intermediate values for these fatty acids.Steers showed a tendency to be less abundant in the unsaturated fatty acids than heifers.The differences among locations, however, were smaller than in those of intermuscular fat and then were also not conformable to those of subcutaneous fat.Jpn. J. Zootech. Sci., 56 (2): [130][131][132][133][134][135][136] 1985 In our preceding reports concerned with bovine subcutaneous and intermuscular fats1,2), the constitutional fatty acids of three major lipid classes were affected by breed, sex and/or anatomical location, and the differences among breeds and between sexes observed in subcutaneous fat were similar to those observed in intermuscular fat, nevertheless locational differences were larger in intermuscular than in subcutaneous fat. These results may suggest that throughout the various bovine adipose tissues, the fatty acid composition is originally governed by genetic and/or physiological conditions which are implicated by breed and sex effects. In order to confirm our hypothesis, it is necessary to get further information about the lipid and fatty acid composition of bovine adipose tissue.In this study, the effects of breed, sex and anatomical location on the lipid and fatty acid composition of bovine body-cavity fat were investigated at a constant slaughter weight.
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