For seed germination and the formation of a good soybean crop, significant reserves of soil moisture are required, which depends on the autumn-winter soil preparation, weather conditions and planting dates. The purpose of this study is to identify the impact of the main tillage technology on its agrophysical properties and conditions for the growth and development of soybean plants. Experimental crop rotation: soybean – winter wheat was carried out under favourable (hydrothermal coefficient 1.46) and dry (hydrothermal coefficient 0.66–0.87) weather conditions. The main tillage was carried out with a stratifier PRSM-5 to a depth of 15–17 cm or a chisel plough PCh-2.5 to a depth of 25–27 cm, with additional pre-sowing or post-sowing rolling with a ring-spur roller KKSH. Sowing was carried out at a depth of 10 cm with stable heating of the soil in three periods: the first at 8–10 °С, the second at 10–12 °С, and the third at 12–14 °С. As a result of evaluating the influence of various factors, it was found that under favourable conditions, the highest seed productivity of soybean plants (1.91–1.96 t·ha−1) was formed after treatment with the stratifier PRSM-5 at the first sowing period and at the second sowing period after chisel ploughing with additional soil compaction. In dry weather conditions, pre-sowing treatment with a stratifier PRSM-5 had an advantage in seed productivity by 7–12% compared to ploughing with a chisel plough PCH-2.5.

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The problem of environmental pollution is one of urgent problems of mankind. This problem especially applies to large cities of any state. Atmospheric air, which performs life-supporting, protective and other functions, is subject to the greatest change. Increased air pollution leads to a negative impact on public health. So, every year number of social movements and various events is growing, expressing great concern about the state of air in the city of Bishkek. Basically, organizational and technical measures are aimed at improving road safety by reducing speed. But along with a decrease in traffic speed, fuel consumption increases, which in turn leads to a proportional increase in exhaust gas emissions. Especially in places where artificial irregularities are established, intensive braking occurs, followed by acceleration of the vehicle. This article is devoted to assessing the impact of unregulated pedestrian crossings on average speed of traffic and emission of harmful substances by vehicles. Relationship between the average traffic speedat unregulated pedestrian crossings and the total delay of vehicles has been established. An increase in emissions from vehicles at unregulated pedestrian crossings is substantiated, which makes it possible to calculate the cumulative emissions from vehicles on the sections of the city’s road network more accurately. This article presents the results of experimental studies of the influence of artificial irregularities, stopping points and parking places on the traffic speed and emissions of exhaust gases into the atmosphere.

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In order to solve the problem of the land agroecological estimation (natural resources potential) automation and artificial information system development, it is necessary to make the domain knowledge (DK) conceptualization, or conceptual modelling. The unified modelling language (UML) was chosen as a descriptive system. Three abstract objects (class, attribute and relationship) were selected to describe 33 concepts for land plot basic natural characteristics and 13 significant nature process aspects regulating changes of those characteristics. For 6 DK concepts abstract object “class” was chosen, for 27 DK concepts – “attribute”, for 13 nature process aspects – “relationship”. Class “land plot” is a central one interacting with the other 5 classes: “relief”, “agrometeorological resource”, “soil”, “erosion”, “vegetation”. All classes and attributes interdependencies are described by relationship classification of 3 types. The first type is dependency relationship showing on UML diagrams a directed connection between two classes towards the main class, which means that changing the main class properties implies changing the dependant class properties; the second type is association relationship, which is any relationship showing connection characterized by almost any verb of the Russian language; the third type is composition relationship showing connection between composite and its part and is always directed to the composite, where deletion of the composite class implies deletion of all parts. Optimization of the DK conceptual model described by means of UML diagram is a permanent process, thus new classes and concepts can be added to the model throughout the time.

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The authors of the experimental studies have proved from the possibility of vibration signals to detect the faults and changes in the parameters of the technical condition of engines of beet harvesters combines at the primary stages of their occurrence. Ensuring the predicted reliability of the conclusions, regarding the technical condition of the mechanisms and system of the engine, it can be achieved using the statistical evaluation of the correspondence of the temporal frequency fragments of the vibroacoustic signals and their correspondence to the rotational speed of the crankshaft. The authors investigated the difference between physical models and methods of their mathematical description in different parts of the frequency range and proved the feasibility of dividing it into three frequency subbands: low (0–200 Hz), medium (200–1000 Hz) and high (1 to 10–20 kHz). The authors found out that the series of harmonic signals of engines are characterized by the amplitudes, frequencies and initial phases, whose algebraic sum of ordinates at any given time is equal to the ordinate of the non-sinusoidal signal. Therefore, the Fourier series should be written as the sum of an infinite number of harmonic components of different frequencies. To distinguish the spectrum of the vibroacoustic signal in the diagnosis of the technical condition of engines of beet harvesters combines, it is necessary to use a Fast Fourier Transform. The processing of vibroacoustic signals in the diagnosis of the technical condition parameters of engines of beet harvesters combines is carried out using digital filters, which are implemented by the author’s algorithm.