Objectives: Socket grafting is vital to prevent bone resorption after tooth extraction. Several techniques to prevent resorption have been described, and various bone graft substitutes have been developed and used with varying success. We conducted this pilot study to evaluate the performance of nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) derived from chicken eggshells in socket preservation. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective, single center, outcome assessor-blinded evaluation of 23 sockets (11 patients) grafted with nHA and covered with platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) membrane as a barrier. Bone width and radiographic bone density were measured using digital radiographs at 1, 12, and 24 weeks post-procedure. Postoperative histomorphometric and micro-computed tomography (CT) evaluation were performed. The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee. Results: All patients had uneventful wound healing without graft material displacement or leaching despite partial exposure of the grafted socket. Tissue re-epithelialized with thick gingival biotype (>3 mm). Width of the bone was maintained and radiographic density increased significantly with a trabecular pattern (73.91% of sockets) within 12 weeks. Histomorphometric analysis showed 56.52% Grade 3 bone formation and micro-CT analysis revealed newly formed bone with interconnecting trabeculae. Conclusion: Use of a PRF membrane with nHA resulted in good bone regeneration in sockets. Use of a PRF membrane prevents periosteal-releasing incisions for primary closure, thereby facilitating the preservation of keratinized mucosa and gingival architecture. This technique, which uses eggshellderived nHA and PRF membrane from the patient's own blood, is innovative and is free of disease transfer risks. nHA is a promising economic bone graft substitute for bone regeneration and reconstruction because of the abundant availability of eggshell waste as a raw material.
These results suggest that diabetes influences the composition of saliva. Since a significant correlation was not observed between salivary and blood glucose levels, further research is needed to determine salivary glucose estimation as a diagnostic tool for diabetes mellitus.
Objectives
Review the meaning of ‘health need’, consider oral health inequalities and oral health promotion among people with HIV and outline methods to enhance coordination, standardization and dissemination of research efforts.
Methods
This workshop involved a brief introduction of each topic by an invited speaker followed by participant discussion. Participants were dentists and dental students attending the 7th World Workshop on Oral Health & Disease in AIDS
Results
A health need was regarded as a population's ability to benefit from care. Oral health inequalities called for both downstream and upstream health promotion. A community health programme to reach people with HIV infection in the community was described. Despite deploying community health workers to reduce costs, the programme required additional resources for comprehensive implementation. The Indian National AIDS Control Program exemplified coordinated efforts. Knowledge transfer can be achieved via educational, linkage and exchange and organizational interventions. Stakeholder engagement in a combination of all three types of intervention is the most effective.
Conclusions
The discussion centred on the difficulties of Indian dentists who felt they did not receive sufficient revenue to treat patients with HIV. An opposing view approach treated all patients using universal standards of infection control. Dental regulatory bodies, professional organizations and governments may need to demonstrate leadership and advocacy for the oral health of people with HIV infection.
Background:Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a progressive disorder affecting the oral mucosa. OSMF predominantly seen in South-east Asian countries. There are some biochemicals parameters which are modify in oral submucous fibrosis; this alteration can be used as a tool for diseases progress and avert malignant transformation.Aims and Objectives:The aim of this study is to evaluate the serum malondialdehyde (malondialdehyde [MDA]), and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) in oral sub mucous fibrosis cases and compare clinical stages.Materials and Methods:Thirty cases of clinical and histopathological established oral submucous fibrosis and thirty cases of nonsymptomatic features of oral submucous fibrosis preferred as controls. Venous blood was collected and separation of serum for estimation of MDA and SOD levels was done using an ultraviolet spectrophotometer.Statistical Analysis:Data were analyzed using SPSS software using Student's t-test and Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA test.Results:Serum MDA levels were elevated when clinical staging increases, where as SOD levels were decreased when clinical stage increases when compared with control cases and it showed stastically significant.Conclusion:Estimation of serum MDA and SOD in patients with OSMF, we can assess the degree of oxidative damage of the disease. This can be used as an early diagnostic tool for preventing malignant transformation of oral submucous fibrosis.
Introduction:
Oral cancer is one among the alarming diseases related to oral cavity. Its prevalence and incidence have increased in many folds, in the past decade. This has led the investigators to find the preliminary stages and related early evaluating methods to restrain it. Few clinical lesions such as leukoplakia, erythroplakia, oral submucous fibrosis and lichen planus reflected malignant changes. These premalignant disorders provided scope to assess the underlying cellular and molecular events, which shall be helpful in early detection, aggressiveness and prognosis of the patient.
Materials and Methods:
Forty formalin fixed, paraffin embedded blocks were utilized and evenly subdivided into Group I – control tissue, Group II – mild epithelial dysplasia, Group III – moderate epithelial dysplasia and Group IV – severe epithelial dysplasia. The study group was categorized based on the WHO classification of dysplasia 2005. Routine staining was performed to reconfirm the diagnosis of all the samples. Simultaneously, immunohistochemical staining was done with cluster differentiation-44 (CD44) antibody. Positive cells were counted on 10 representative fields with a minimum of 100 cells per field using ×20.
Statistical Analysis:
Comparison of four groups with respective to number of positive cells was done using Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA test. Pair-wise comparison of three grades of oral epithelial dysplasia and the controls was done using Mann–Whitney U test.
Results:
The mean of Group I is 745.50, Group II is 665.20, Group III is 530.10 and Group IV is 322.90. A statistically significant
P
= 0.00001 was ascertained on comparison of the mean between the groups.
Conclusion:
CD44, a cell membrane marker could help in cell adhesion and cell-cell interactions. Loss of CD44 expression enhances the binding of the growth factors with their principle receptors that enhances the cellular proliferation. It can be used as a prognostic marker for identifying the rate of malignant transformation in these disorders.
Background:Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection remains a global health problem, although the development of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has significantly modified the course of HIV disease into a manageable disease with improved quality-of-life mainly in the developed countries. Very few studies are available regarding effect of HAART on oral lesions in developing countries like India.Aims and Objectives:The aim was to document and compare oral lesions in HIV-seropositive patients before and after HAART.Materials and Methods:Oral manifestations were recorded in 320 HIV seropositive patients attending to the Voluntary Counseling and Confidential Testing Centre at the Government General Hospital, Guntur, before and after treating with HAART and the results were statistically analyzed using Student's t-test and Chi-square test.Results:Oral Candidiasis was significantly reduced in patients under HAART after 3 months. Furthermore, there was decreased incidence of periodontal diseases, but increased hyperpigmentation in patients undergoing HAART.Conclusion:The oral manifestations of HIV infection have changed due to the advent of HAART. Many opportunistic infections have resolved as a result of an improved immune system. Though the risk of hyperpigmentation in those with HAART has increased the prevalence of oral candidiasis and periodontal diseases were less in patients who had access to HAART.
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