Peripapillary RNFL VD and thickness have different characteristic sectoral structure-function relationships in glaucoma.

Purpose: To investigate factors associated with decreased corneal endothelial cell density (ECD) after trabeculectomy with mitomycin C (MMC). Methods: Retrospective review of consecutive glaucoma cases who underwent trabeculectomy with MMC. The types of glaucoma included were primary open-angle glaucoma, exfoliation glaucoma (XFG), neovascular glaucoma, and uveitic glaucoma (UG). The postoperative ECD changes compared with the preoperative ECD and risk factors for ECD decrease were analyzed using mixed-effects models. Results: In total, 162 eyes of 136 patients were included in this study. Postoperative ECD measurements were performed 3.7±1.8 times (mean±SD) during a median follow-up period of 34 months. The mean intraocular pressure decreased from 25.3±9.6 to 9.2±2.3 mm Hg postoperatively. The marginal mean (SE) ECD decrease at 24 months was 9.3% (1.3%) in all cases. The marginal mean ECD decrease at 24 months was 18.2% (3.1%) and 20.6% (4.7%) in eyes with XFG and UG, respectively, which was significantly greater than 4.8% (1.8%) in eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma (P<0.001, each), after accounting for the variability in the number and timepoint of ECD measurements. Multivariate mixed-effects model analyses showed that type of glaucoma (XFG and UG) and older age were significantly associated with larger ECD decrease, and preoperative factors (oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitor and vitrectomy) and postoperative choroidal detachment were significantly associated with a declining trend of ECD over time. Conclusions: The type of glaucoma (XFG, UG) and older age were risk factors for larger ECD decrease after trabeculectomy with MMC.

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Purpose To elucidate glaucoma-related fundus abnormalities in patients with primary aldosteronism (PA). Methods The study compared 272 eyes from 137 PA patients and 352 eyes from 177 control subjects selected randomly from 1173 participants of a public glaucoma screening. The presence of glaucomatous optic disc appearance (rim thinning and cup enlargement) and retinal nerve fiber layer defects (RNFLDs) was determined independently from fundus photographs. The results were compared between the PA and control groups. Results There were 9 patients (6.6%) with glaucomatous optic disc abnormalities in the PA group and 10 cases (5.6%) identified in the control group (p = 0.92). RNFLDs were detected more frequently in the PA group (55 eyes, 20.2%) than in the control group (26 eyes, 7.4%; p<0.001). The two types of RNFLDs were classified as either having their central ends at the disc margin (D) or away from the disc margin and around the retinal vessels (V). Type D and V RNFLDs were detected in 35 (12.9%) and 26 (9.6%) eyes in the PA group and in 25 (7.1%) and 4 (1.1%) eyes in the control group, respectively. Both types of RNFLDs were more frequent in the PA group than in the control group (Type D and V, p = 0.03, <0.001, respectively). Conclusion Although the prevalence of glaucomatous optic disc appearance did not differ between the two groups, RNFLDs were more frequent in PA patients than in the control group. Moreover, RNFLDs with their central ends located around retinal vessels were characteristic of PA patients.

Purpose: To investigate the association between asymmetry of visual field (VF) defects and optic nerve head (ONH) blood flow in patients with glaucoma using laser speckle flowgraphy. Methods: In total, 170 eyes of 85 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma were included. Intraocular pressure, VF (Humphrey 24-2, SITA program), mean blur rate in the tissue area (MBR-T) of the ONH measured by laser speckle flowgraphy, axial length, circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (cpRNFLT), disc area, cup/disc area ratio, and parapapillary atrophy (PPA) area was measured in each eye. The paired eyes were divided into better and worse eyes according to the mean deviation (MD) of VF, and intereye differences of various parameters (better MD eye minus worse MD eye) were examined. Factors associated with MD difference, MBR-T difference, or cpRNFLT difference were investigated. Results: MD of the VF in better and worse eyes were −10.2±7.3 dB and −16.8±7.4 dB, respectively. In stepwise multiple regression analysis, MBR-T differences, cpRNFLT differences and sex (male) were significantly correlated with MD differences (β, 0.26, 0.21, 0.20; P=0.01, 0.04, 0.047, respectively). MD differences were significantly associated with MBR-T differences (β, 0.28; P=0.01). For cpRNFLT differences, differences in β-PPA area and MD differences were identified as significant factors (β, −0.26, 0.22; P=0.02, 0.04, respectively). Conclusions: Asymmetry of ONH blood flow is significantly associated with asymmetry of visual field defects in patients with glaucoma independently of cpRNFLT.

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Seronegative rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is less likely to have extra-articular manifestations than seropositive RA. An 80-year-old man with polyarthritis was diagnosed with seronegative RA in which rheumatoid factors and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptides were not detected. He had multiple pulmonary nodules that diminished in size following treatment for RA, leading to the diagnosis of pulmonary rheumatoid nodules. During his treatment course, he developed scleritis, which could have resulted in blindness. As oral steroids did not improve his condition, topical steroid injections were administered, and his symptoms gradually improved. Here, we present a case of seronegative RA with an unusual combination of extra-articular manifestations: rheumatoid pulmonary nodules and scleritis.