By enabling the quantification of this issue as never before possible, optical coherence tomography screening revealed that intraluminal saphenous vein clot is frequently found after endoscopic vein harvest. Systemic heparinization before harvest or an open carbon dioxide endoscopic vein harvest system are benign changes in practice that can significantly lessen this complication.
OCT imaging provides an accurate, real-time, and reproducible means for assessing saphenous vein graft and radial artery graft bypass conduits. As a quality assurance tool, this technology might afford a more objective basis for conduit selection.
Background-Concerns about intimal disruption and spasm have limited enthusiasm for endoscopic radial artery harvest (ERAH), although the risk of these problems after this procedure remains uncertain. Radial artery conduits were screened intraoperatively before and after ERAH vs open harvest using catheter-based high-resolution optical coherence tomogaraphy (OCT) imaging.
Objective Strands of clot are frequently flushed out of saphenous vein grafts (SVG) during preparation for grafting, particularly those that are endoscopically harvested. However, saline distention at uncontrolled pressures increases graft thrombogenicity and the risk of early failure after coronary artery bypass grafting. The purpose of this prospective investigation was to define the incidence of intraluminal clot within endoscopically harvested SVG and the effect of attempted removal by saline distention. Methods Endoscopically harvested SVG were intraoperatively prepared for grafting by using saline distention at uncontrolled pressure (n = 24) or without distension (n = 20). Optical coherence tomography, a catheter-based infrared imaging system, was used to identify and characterize intraluminal clot strands in surplus SVG segments (average length for analysis, 4.9 ± 2.6 cm). These segments were also assessed for luminal tissue factor activity and percent endothelial integrity by CD31-directed immunohistochemistry. Results Clot strands were observed in 45.4% (20 of 44) of imaged SVG segments (severity of observed clots: 54%, mild; 32%, moderate; 14%, severe). Compared with grafts distended with saline, vein segments that were not distended displayed significantly higher endothelial integrity (60.1% ± 27.2% versus 24.7% ± 24.1%, P < 0.05) and lower tissue factor activity (1.28 ± 0.95 versus12.3 ±5.5 U/cm2, P < 0.001) despite having a higher incidence of clot stands (65.0% versus 29.1%, P < 0.02, Fisher exact test). Static flow was observed in veins during endoscopic harvest. Conclusions Clot strands of varying severity are a common finding after endoscopic vein harvest. Saline distention is not completely effective in removing clot strands and increases overall graft thrombogenicity. Therefore, prevention of clot or less traumatic methods of removing clot are indicated.
Robotic technology enables "port only" totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass grafting (TECAB). During early procedure development only single bypass grafts were feasible. Because current referral practice for coronary bypass surgery mostly includes multivessel disease, performance of multiple endoscopic bypass grafts is desirable. We report a case in which a patient received a right internal mammary artery bypass graft to the left anterior descending artery and a left internal mammary artery jump graft to 2 obtuse marginal branches. The procedure was performed through 5 ports on the arrested heart using the daVinci S robotic surgical system. This is the first reported triple bypass grafting procedure using an arrested heart approach.
rehabilitation. One patient did not have angiographic crossflow was treated with flow diverters. The patient remained dependent and succumbed one year later. Conclusion In patients with torrential intraoperative hemorrhage during endoscopic transnasal transphenoidal surgery, endovascular treatment is frequently required and hemostasis could be secured. Disclosures G. Wong: None.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.