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In time-of-flight ultrasonic gas flowmeters, the reflection of ultrasonic energy causes significant measurement uncertainties if a fast response to changing gas flow rates is required. The reflections can be attenuated by using a sufficiently high ultrasonic frequency. The direct signal is, however, also attenuated and this also makes accurate measurement difficult. The selection of the best frequency range to be used for various pipe diameters is given and it is shown that, for a large pipe diameter, the choice is very restricted.

A new automated inspection algorithm is proposed for detecting blob-Mura defects based on multiscale in a thin film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) panel. As such, new kernels with different sizes are defined and then used to detect blob-Mura defects with varying sizes and brightness levels. To extract a seed point, an adaptive multilevel-threshold method is employed. Initially, smaller kernels are used to detect smaller defects, then gradually larger kernels are applied to detect larger defects. Through simulation it was verified that the proposed algorithm has a superior capability for detecting blob-Mura defects.

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