Ayam Merawang merupakan salah satu dari ayam lokal yang berasal dari spesies Gallus-gallus, family Phasianidae. Ayam Merawang merupakan ayam lokal yang berasal dari Desa Merawang Kecamatan Merawang Kabupaten Bangka Propinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung dan merupakan sumber genetik serta aset masyarakat Propinsi Kepulauan Bangka. Ayam Merawang sangat potensial untuk dikembangkan sebagai ayam dwiguna penghasil telur dan daging. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di KP Petaling BPTP Kepulauan Bangka Belitung pada bulan Januari 2017. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui performa ayam Merawang keturunan pertama dan kedua baik jantan maupun betina meliputi bobot badan akhir, bobot karkas serta persentase karkas. Materi yang digunakan adalah ayam Merawang sejumlah 24 ekor yang masing-masing 12 ekor untuk keturunan pertama (F1) dan keturunan kedua (F2) serta dibedakan berdasarkan jenis kelamin. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap (RAKL) terdiri dari 2 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan dan satu unit pengamatan sebanyak 2 ekor. Data dianalisis statistika dengan ANOVA dan uji Duncan dengan selang kepercayaan 95%. Peubah yang diamati pada penelitian ini meliputi bobot badan akhir, bobot karkas serta persentase karkas. Hasil analisis ragam menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan performa antara ayam Merawang keturunan pertama (F1) dan keturunan kedua (F2). Perbedaan jenis kelamin memberikan pengaruh nyata (P≤0,05) terhadap bobot badan akhir, bobot karkas serta persentase karkas pada ayam Merawang.
One component of integrated rat management in rice fields is barn owl as biological control. The study was conducted to evaluate the occupancy rate of barn owl nest boxes, the local rat population, and rat damage to rice crops. It was conducted in three locations in Yogyakarta by observing 10 nest boxes per site. Assessment of their occupancy was monitored by barn owl presence in nest box (egg, chick, and adult) and natural nests in villages nearby. In comparison with control village, the local rat population was observed by the active burrow count method and linear trap barrier systems. Rat damage intensity is estimated by sampling 150 tillers using a stratified sampling approach. The result indicated that 1-4 nest boxes were occupied per location. The owls also nested within buildings nearby. Active burrows ranged from 4 to 25 burrows per 150 m. The rat damage area ranged from 33.33% - 48.57% with 6.33% - 14.86% damage intensity was significantly lower than the control site. Artificial nest box installation for owls in rice fields were only occupied for breeding. The use of barn owls for biological control of rice field rats should be combined with other methods in an integrated approach.
ABSTRAKPengisap buah lada (Dasynus piperis China) merupakan salah satu hama utama lada, yang dapat dikendalikan dengan pestisida. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelayakan teknis dan ekonomi penggunaan minyak seraiwangi dan cengkeh dipadukan dengan pestisida sintetik untuk mengendalikan hama penghisap buah lada. Penelitian dilaksanakan di kebun petani di di desa Petaling, kecamatan Mendo Barat, Bangka pada lada berumur 4 tahun, sejak Pebruari sampai Oktober 2014. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok, terdiri dari lima perlakuan dan lima ulangan (1) minyak seraiwangi konsentrasi 2,5 ml l Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penggunaan pestisida sintetik OF menghasilkan kelayakan ekonomi yang terbesar ditunjukkan oleh B/C rasio 1,87 dan NPV Rp 281.357.916,-dan IRR sebesar 63%. Petani menyadari penggunaan insektisida nabati aman bagi lingkungan, tetapi mereka berpendapat kurang efektif dalam pengendalian hama lada. Hal tersebut karena cara aplikasi, perolehan insektisida nabati dan pengendalian dengan cara ini adalah sesuatu yang baru bagi petani lada di Bangka. Oleh karena itu pengembangan lebih lanjut perlu disertai dengan pelatihan cara pembuatan dan teknik aplikasi di lapang.
Bacterial leaf blight (Xanthomonas oryzae) and rice blast (Pyricularia oryzae) cause yield losses in rice production. Antagonist microbial application through seed treatment and foliar spray during rice growing stage is suggested to prevent the disease which is more reliable to reduce the disease incidence than curing it. This research aimed to determine the severity of bacterial leaf blight and rice blast among varieties that treated with antagonist microbial complex in the agro ecosystem of irrigated rice. Research was conducted in Kalibawang sub district, Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta, October 2018 to January 2019. The experimental design was randomized block design with 7 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were the application of antagonist microbial complex formula A (Azotobacter vinelandii, Azospirillum sp., Bacillus cereus, Bradyzhizobium sp., and Methylobacterium sp. >107 CFU/g) and formula B (Azotobacter chroococum, Azotobacter vinelandii, Azospirillum sp., Pseudomonas cepacia, Penicillium sp., and Acinetobacter sp. >107 CFU/g) to several rice varieties (Inpari 9, Inpari 33, and Ciherang). Results shows that formula B had the lowest severity of bacterial leaf blight (14.44%) and leaf blast (6.94%) at Ciherang while formula A had the lowest panicle blast (6.55%). The highest yield (10.62 t/ha) was obtained from Ciherang treated with formula B.
There is a challenge to increase the productivity of rain-fed rice in Yogyakarta. However, brown plant hopper and blast disease are the main constraint. Tolerant varieties are suggested due to its environmental friendly to increase rice yield. This research was aimed to determine the population of brown plant hopper and blast disease as the effect of varieties improvement in increasing rain-fed rice productivity. Research was conducted in Nglipar Gunungkidul Yogyakarta, from September 2018 to January 2019. Experimental design was randomized block design with 6 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were six rain-fed rice varieties (Inpago 8, Inpago 10, Inpago 12, Inpago Unsoed, Rindang 1, and Rindang 2) with two control varieties (Inpari 42 and Ciherang). Results showed that Brown Plant Hopper population and blast disease intensity in Inpago 10, Inpago 12, and Inpago Unsoed were lower than in other varieties. Yield of Inpago 8, Inpago 10, Inpago 12, Inpago Unsoed, Rindang 1, Rindang 2, Inpari 42 and Ciherang were 6.20, 7.37, 7.01, 7.49, 6.20, 6.84, 6.97, and 4.00 ton ha-1, respectively. Varieties improvement resulted higher rice productivity compared to Ciherang as existing variety in farmers practices.
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