This paper proposes the Novel Differential Evolution (NDE) method for solving the environmental economic hydrothermal system dispatch (EEHTSD) problem with the aim to reduce electricity generation fuel costs and emissions of thermal units. The EEHTSD problem is constrained by limitations on generations, active power balance, and amount of available water. NDE applies two modified techniques. The first one is modified mutation, which is used to balance global and local search. The second one is modified selection, which is used to keep the best solutions. When performing this modified selection, the proposed method completely reduces the impact of crossover by setting it to one. Moreover, the task of tuning this factor can be canceled. Original Differential Evolution (ODE), ODE with the first modification (MMDE), and ODE with the second modification (MSDE), and NDE were tested on two different hydrothermal systems for comparison and evaluation purposes. The performance of NDE was also compared to existing methods. It was indicated that the proposed NDE is a very promising method for solving the EEHTSD problem.
The global prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and Extended-Spectrum and AmpC Beta- Lactamases is continuously widespread among Escherichia coli during recent years, especially in Viet Nam. In Viet Nam, there have been researches on ESBL and AmpC-carrying E. coli inhabiting animal and human. However, studies of antimicrobial resistance in E. coli residing in pets, especially dogs are unavailable. The aim of the study was to investigate the antimicrobial sensitivity testing (AST), the resistance to 3rd cephalosporin and penicillin, also to assess the molecular detection of ESBL and Amp-C-beta -lactamase in E. coli isolates inhabiting the digestive tract of dogs at kennels Dak Lak. By using double disk synergy test (DDST), and ceftazidime-imipenem antagonism test (CIAT) to detect phenotypic characteristic of E. coli strains producing extended-spectrum beta- lactamases (ESBLs) and plasmid-mediated Amp-C-beta -lactamase, and by using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (multiplex PCR) to confirm the presence of ESBL genes (class A): blaCTX-M(1;2;8;9;25), bla TEM, bla SHV , bla OXA and genes encoding AmpC-type beta lactamase (class C): bla MOX-1;2 , bla CMY- (1;2-7;8-11) , blaLAT-(1;4) ,bla DHA-(1;2), bla ACC, bla FOX-(1-5B) ,bla MIR-1 ,bla ACT-1. From of three hundred twelve bacteial strains isolated from sixty-four rectal swabs two hundred sixty-nine E. Coli, isolates accounting for 86%, were identified and isolated, forty-four (16%) and twelve (4%) E. coli isolates encoding with ESBL and Amp-C-beta -lactamases. From molecular diagnosis with regard to phenotype, production of ESBL was shown in thirty-nine (15%) E. coli isolates and Amp-C enzymes in eight (3%) E. coli isolates. The high percentage of E. coli exhibiting antibiotic resistance revealed the accelerated overuse of antibiotics. Result of this study will contribute to the monitoring of epidemiologic resistance.
In this study, a Faraday type MagnetoHydroDynamic (MHD) generator is studied to consider the effect of electrical characteristics to the thermal efficiency. The generator performance is specified by optimizing the cycle efficiency with respect to the load parameter and by optimizing output power density with respect to seed fraction and operating pressure. As the calculation results, the value of load parameter, which maximizes the thermodynamic efficiency, is independent of the regenerator efficiency, but dependent on Mach number and the compressor efficiency. It can also be seen that there is no need for a high entrance Mach number more than 5 because the increases in thermal efficiency are insignificant.
Recently, closed cycle MHD power generation system studies have been focused on improving the isentropic efficiency and the enthalpy extraction ratio. By reducing the crosssection area ratio of the disk MHD generator, it is believed that a high isentropic efficiency can be achieved with the same enthalpy extraction. In this study, the results relating to a plasma state which takes into account the ionization instability of non-equilibrium seeded plasma is added to the theoretical prediction of the relationship between enthalpy extraction and isentropic efficiency. As a result, the electron temperature, which reaches the seed complete ionization state without the growth of ionization instability, can be realized at a relatively high seed fraction condition. However, the upper limit of the power generation performance is suggested to remain lower than the value expected in the low seed fraction condition. It is also suggested that a higher power generation performance may be obtained by implementing the electron temperature range, which reaches the seed complete ionization state at a low seed fraction.
This paper examines the dependence of the attenuation of magnetic induction on the current distribution etc. in the exit regions of the Faraday type non-equilibrium plasma MHD generator by a two-dimensional calculation. The numerical analyses are made for an example of the cesium-seeded helium. As a result, a reasonable magnetic induction attenuation can make the distribution of current very uniform near the exit region of generator channel and has little influence on the current distribution in the middle part of generator, and the output electrodes can be used without great ballast resistors. Also the inside resistance of the exit region and the current concentration at the exit electrode edges decrease with the attenuation of magnetic flux density. By the author's examination, it is made clear that the exit electrodes of the diagonal Faraday type non-equilibrium plasma MHD generator should be arranged in the attenuation region of the magnetic induction, since arranging them in this region becomes useful for the improvement of the electrical parameters of generator.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.