Flipper probes have been introduced as small molecule fluorophores to image physical forces, that is, membrane tension in living systems. Their emergence over one decade is described, from evolution in design and synthesis to spectroscopic properties. Responsiveness to physical compression in equilibrium at the ground state is identified as the ideal origin of mechanosensitivity to image membrane tension in living cells. A rich collection of flippers is described to deliver and release in any subcellular membrane of interest in a leaflet‐specific manner. Chalcogen‐bonding cascade switching and dynamic covalent flippers are developed for super‐resolution imaging and dual‐sensing of membrane compression and hydration. Availability and broad use in the community validate flipper probes as a fine example of the power of translational supramolecular chemistry, moving from fundamental principles to success on the market.
Flipper probes have been introduced as small molecule fluorophores to image physical forces, that is, membrane tension in living systems. Their emergence over one decade is described, from evolution in design and synthesis to spectroscopic properties. Responsiveness to physical compression in equilibrium at the ground state is identified as the ideal origin of mechanosensitivity to image membrane tension in living cells. A rich collection of flippers is described to deliver and release in any subcellular membrane of interest in a leaflet‐specific manner. Chalcogen‐bonding cascade switching and dynamic covalent flippers are developed for super‐resolution imaging and dual‐sensing of membrane compression and hydration. Availability and broad use in the community validate flipper probes as a fine example of the power of translational supramolecular chemistry, moving from fundamental principles to success on the market.
Boron complexes of 1,5-bidentate nitrogen ligands with a thiazole linker were synthesized by the halogenation of 5-H thiazoles followed by Buchwald-Hartwig amination and complexation with BF3•Et2O. These boron complexes showed...
The reaction of in situ-generated thioamide dianions having a pyridylmethyl group on the nitrogen atom with thioformamides resulted in the formation of 5-H thiazoles as major products along with 5-N,N-dimethylaminothiazoles. The presence of a pyridylmethyl group plays an important role in the formation of 5-H thiazoles. A wide range of substituents at the 2-position of a thiazole ring tolerated the reaction conditions, and the intramolecular cyclization reaction proceeded smoothly. However, a phenyl substituent at the 4-position of a thiazole ring significantly reduced the yields of 5-H thiazoles.
A series of 5-N-arylaminothiazoles were used to form isolable nickel complexes, whose structure was disclosed by X-ray structure analysis, and were used for the detection of zinc halides in solutions with the enhancement of emission properties.
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