The origin of ammonium-nitrogen in Indonesian coastal groundwater has not been intensively examined, meanwhile the elevated concentration remains a concern. This research aims at tracing the potential sources of ammonium-nitrogen in the groundwater of Indramayu, Indonesia where groundwater is vital for livelihood. From results, a combined examination of nitrogen isotope, coliform bacteria, land-use, and geology confirmed the natural and anthropogenic origins of ammonium-nitrogen in the groundwater. In the brackish-water aquaculture region, groundwater has δ15NNH4 values from +1.8 to +4.8‰ signifying that ammonium-nitrogen is derived from mineralization of organic nitrogen to ammonium. Furthermore, ammonium has a significantly positive relationship with sodium indicating the exchangeable ammonium is mobilized to groundwater via cation exchange. Meanwhile ammonium-nitrogen from anthropogenic waste was detected in agricultural and residential region. The groundwater has more varied δ15NNH4 values, from −2.9 to +16.1‰, which implies attenuation of ammonium-nitrogen from several sources namely manure, mineral fertilizer, sewage, and pit latrines. Also, the presence of E. coli confirms the indication of human and animal waste contamination. However, since ammonium has no relationship with sodium, cation exchange is not feasible and ammonium-nitrogen flows into the groundwater from anthropogenic sources along with liquid wastes.
The September 30, 2009 Padang earthquake has resulted in damages to infrastructures and buildings and a death toll of 383 in Padang City. Numerous liquefaction and ground deformations caused by the earthquake were particularly evidence in the areas few kilometers from the coast. The paper presents results of the previous field geotechnical investigations of liquefaction potential and the recent liquefaction observations in Padang City. A microzonation map was created using the data from liquefaction potential analyses and liquefaction potential indexes. The predicted liquefaction susceptibility zones showed a good agreement with site observations. The assessment suggests that the liquefaction susceptibility decreases to the northeast away from the coastal line.
Pengetahuan mengenai kerentanan likuifaksi di suatu wilayah kota pesisir yang rawan gempabumi besar sangat diperlukan dalam perencanaan tataruang untuk mengurangi bencana seismik. Makalah ini menyajikan hasil evaluasi potensi likuifaksi di wilayah Kota Banda Aceh berdasarkan metode uji penetrasi konus untuk menghasilkan mikrozonasi kerentanan penurunan lapisan tanah akibat likuifaksi di wilayah ini. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa potensi likuifaksi terdapat pada lapisan tanah pasir dan campuran pasir dan lanau, yang dicirikan oleh nilai tahanan konus dan hambatan setempat masing-masing lebih kecil dari 15 MPa dan 150 kPa pada kedalaman dan ketebalan yang bervariasi. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan penurunan tanah, wilayah Banda Aceh dapat dibagi menjadi lima zona kerentanan. Zona kerentanan tinggi terutama terdapat di Kecamatan Kuta Alam dan Syah Kuala, sedangkan zona kerentanan rendah terutama terdapat di wilayah Kecamatan Banda Raya. Dengan demikian, investigasi geoteknik detil sangat diperlukan untuk mencegah kerusakan pada bangunan dan infrastruktur akibat likuifaksi di wilayah Kota Banda Aceh.
Pusat Penelitian Geoteknologi LIPI ABSTRAK Prediksi bahaya gerakan tanah secara spasial dan temporal diperlukan untuk mitigasi bencana gerakan tanah. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk menyajikan hasil pemodelan tingkat kerentanan gerakan tanah dengan mempertimbangkan karakteristik lereng dan kekuatan tanah secara spasial dan curah hujan harian secara temporal di wilayah Kabupaten Sukabumi. Pemodelan menggunakan perangkat lunak TRIGRS untuk menghitung faktor keamanan lereng berbasis grid dengan ukuran 100 m x 100 m akibat infiltrasi air hujan. Hasil pemodelan menunjukkan tingkat kerentanan gerakan tanah spasial di Kabupaten Sukabumi dipengaruhi oleh topografi dan karakteristik keteknikan tanah. Sementara itu, curah hujan kumulatif menjadi faktor pengontrol penyebab perubahan tingkat kerentanan gerakan tanah temporal. Berdasarkan nilai faktor keamanan lereng, daerah dengan kerentanan gerakan tanah
Sumedang bagian selatan sering mengalami bencana gerakan tanah yang dapat menimbulkan berbagai kerugian fisik dan ekonomi. Pengetahuan mendetail mengenai tingkat kerentanan gerakan tanah diperlukan untuk mendukung upaya mitigasi gerakan tanah di daerah ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengklasifikasi tingkat kerentanan gerakan tanah daerah Sumedang Selatan dengan mengggunakan metode Storie. Parameter karakteristik fisik wilayah berupa tataguna lahan, kelerengan, geologi dan curah hujan digunakan sebagai masukan perhitungan Indeks Storie. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa daerah Sumedang Selatan memiliki lima tingkat kerentanan gerakan tanah, yaitu sangat rendah, rendah, sedang, tinggi, dan sangat tinggi. Sebagian besar lokasi longsor berada pada daerah dengan tingkat kerentanan gerakan tanah sedang hingga sangat tinggi seperti di Kecamatan Sumedang Selatan, Rancakalong, Situraja, dan Darmaraja. Analisis hasil klasifikasi menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kerentanan dipengaruhi oleh tataguna lahan, kemiringan, jenis tanah penyusunan, dan curah hujan sebagai faktor pemicu. Gerakan tanah terjadi pada daerah dengan tataguna lahan dengan vegetasi sedikit, lereng agak curam hingga curam, dan pada litologi batuan penyusun berupa produk gunungapi muda dengan curah hujan sedang/lembab.
Landslide is one type of geological disasters that frequently occurs during the rainy season. Rainfall infiltration can cause soil saturation that increases the positive pore water pressure, disturbing the slope stability. Therefore, knowledge of future landslide-triggering rainfall is required for mitigation efforts and reducing the risk of landslide hazards. This paper presents slope-stability modeling in the Cililin area using the well-established infinite slope model called the transient rainfall infiltration and grid-based regional slope-stability (TRIGRS). The modeling used the rainfall data obtained from the statistical analysis of the maximum daily rainfall by using the Gumbel distribution. The present study applied six scenarios in the modeling. Scenario I is the initial condition without rainfall, showing the slope stability influenced by topography, slope, and soil characteristics. TRIGRS modeling involves rainfall infiltration in scenarios II, III, IV, V, and VI. The maximum rainfalls used in the modeling are 66, 76, 101, 120, and 132 mm/d, showing that rainfall infiltration affected the slope stability. The result indicates that rainfall triggered an increase and expansion of the area distributions critical to the slope stability.
mitigasi yang telah dilakukan oleh Dinas PU belum dapat menyelesaikan permasalahan lereng, sehingga perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk mengkaji kembali kondisi kestabilan lereng. Makalah ini menyajikan analisis kestabilan lereng kondisi saat ini berdasarkan penyelidikan geoteknik. Hasil pemodelan kestabilan lereng dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode General Limit Equilibrium (GLE) mengindikasikan bahwa lereng dalam kondisi kritis dengan nilai faktor keamanan mendekati 1,0. Dengan demikian, pemasangan tiang bor di kaki lereng tidak dapat meningkatkan minimum faktor keamanan lereng yang diperlukan secara signifikan. Kondisi kestabilan lereng akan dapat menurun, apabila terdapat kenaikan muka airtanah sebesar 2,5 m dari kondisi normal, dengan nilai faktor keamanan lereng turun dari 1,250 menjadi 1,145. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, beberapa rekomendasi diberikan untuk mengurangi bahaya gerakan tanah di lereng ini di masa mendatang. Kata kunci: kondisi geoteknik, muka air tanah, kestabilan lereng ABSTRACT: Slope stability research has been conducted on a Provincial road segment of Cadas Pangeran in Cigendel area, Rancakalong district, Sumedang Regency, West Java. Recent mitigation efforts had not solved the stability problem by PU Departement. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a research to assess the slope stability conditions. This paper presents the analysis of current slope stability based on the geotechnical investigation. Results of slope stability analysis using General Limit Equilibrium (GLE) method indicate that the slope is in critical condition, with a factor of safety close to 1,0. Thus, the installation of bored-piles are not effective to increase the minimum factor of safety significantly. Meanwhile, the stablized cut slope would be still in an unstable condition when the groundwater table increases about 2,5 m from the stable condition with a factor of safety being reduced from 1,250 to 1,45. Based on analysis result, some recommendation given to reduce the future landslide hazard in the cutslope area.
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