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Background and Aim: This cross-sectional study aimed to analyze the associations between different types of housing, management, and facilities on the prevalence of lame, causing lesions in smallholder dairy farms in Algeria. Materials and Methods: The on-site investigation took place between December 2012 and May 2015. All cows were locomotion scored on a four-point scale, and foot lesions causing lame were diagnosed and recorded. Factors related to the farm and the cows' conditions were also assessed. The association between the possible risk factors and lame lesions was assessed using univariate analysis. Results: Of the 349 cows evaluated, 13% were lame (lameness score ≥2), with higher lameness values recorded for the hind feet than for the forefeet. Cows without lameness were classified as healthy. The two most frequent lesion diagnoses observed in lame cows were interdigital dermatitis/heel horn erosion (ID/HE; 39%) and interdigital phlegmon (IP; 35%), followed by traumatic lesions (T; 11%), digital dermatitis (DD; 8.7%), and laminitis-related diseases (L; 6.5%). The risk of being lame was increased in large herds with cows of the Holstein breed, and those in the third parity and above. Tie housing, concrete floor, concentrate feeding, zero-grazing, and the use of foot trimming occasionally were associated with increased risk for the presence of lame lesions. The region and footbathing frequency had no association with the prevalence of lame lesions (p≥0.05). Conclusion: These results have important implications; they indicate that several aspects of housing, management, and facility design are common protective factors for the prevalence of lame lesions. These factors should be maintained correctly to not only reduce the number of lame cows in these herds but also decrease the direct and indirect costs associated with cases of lameness.

Background: Some animal infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, hydatidosis, and fascioliasis cause public health concerns and also significant economic losses. The goal of this study was to assess the rate of fascioliasis, hydatidosis, and tuberculosis in domestic animals during post-mortem inspection at Jijel slaughterhouse, North-Eastern Algeria. Methods: The present study was carried out from March 2017 to February 2018, on 6 520 animals slaughtered at Jijel slaughterhouse. It was based on post-mortem inspection of livers and lungs by visual inspection, palpation, and incision. The statistical analysis was performed using open source software R 2017 and Microsoft Office Excel software. Results: The prevalence rate of fascioliasis (6.9%) was significantly (p<0.001) higher than that of hydatidosis (4.8%) and tuberculosis (1.0%). Regarding all three studied diseases in the slathered animal, the prevalence rate of the diseases in cattle was significantly higher than one in sheep and goats. Three peaks in the rate of studied diseases were recorded during March to May 2017, which corresponds to spring. Conclusion: Considerable prevalence rate of fascioliasis, tuberculosis, and hydatidosis in domestic animals slaughtered at the Jijel slaughterhouse seems to be an important indicator of lack of inspection, preventive, and curative treatments of animals in this region.

Background and Aim:Lice are permanent ectoparasites, extremely specific to their hosts. Their great importance in veterinary medicine remain significant, they can cause their direct pathogenic actions like irritability, dermatitis, anemia, decreased weight gain, and milk production. The purpose of this work was to made the first time an inventory of mammalian lice in North-eastern Algeria.Materials and Methods:Our survey of lice infestation was conducted on several animal species from five provinces of North-eastern Algeria. A total of 57 cattle, 83 sheep, 77 goats, 111 wild boars, and 63 farmyard chickens were examined. The collection of lice was carried out much more in mammals and chickens during the winter period. Lice were collected either manually or using brushing and kept in flasks containing 70% ethanol. The identification of lice was achieved in the laboratory using a binocular loupe.Results:Concerning cattle, 63% and 27% of those examined subjects from Souk-Ahras and Guelma study areas, respectively, were carriers of lice. Damalinia bovis was the louse most frequently found on cattle in these two regions. Three other species were identified in Souk-Ahras: Haematopinus eurysternus (25%), Linognathus vituli (10%), and Solenopotes capillatus (5%). Regarding sheep, 39% and 24% of examined animals in Souk-Ahras and Guelma, were carrying lice. Damalinia ovis was the most frequently encountered lice on sheep in both regions. Linognathus ovillus also was identified in Souk-Ahras, representing 0.3% of the collected lice. Concerning goats, 53% and 30% of examined animals in Souk-Ahras and Guelma, were parasitized of lice. Two species of lice were found: Damalinia caprae and Linognathus africanus. For farmyard chickens, 69% and 100% of the farmyard chicken in Souk-Ahras and Mila were parasitized by lice, respectively. Menopon gallinae was the most frequently encountered louse in farmyard chicken in both regions. Eight other species were identified in Mila and four other species only in Souk-Ahras. Finally, 25% and 28% of the wild boars in Annaba and El Tarf were parasitized by lice, respectively. Haematopinus suis was the only species found on wild boars in both regions.Conclusion:These results are to be taken into account for lice control schemes and louse-borne diseases.

From January to June 2009 the biggest livestock market and five bovine farms of Bejaia department (Northcentral Algeria) were visited in order to undertake an epidemiological survey on warble fly infestation (WFI). A total of 3.442 and 226 bovines were clinically examined in both market and farms, respectively. The prevalence was higher in farms (18.1%) than in the animal market (3.7%). On the contrary, the intensity of infection was highest in the market (12.61±7.78 vs 7.5±4.15). The husbandry system exerts a significant effect on the prevalence of WFI, being the prevalence highest under extensive management. However, cattle age, sex and breed did not exert a significant effect on WFI prevalence. Breed was the only factor influencing the intensity of infection; the Montbeliarde breed was the most heavily infested as compared to the crossbreed and the local breed. Keywords: Bovine hypodermosis, Prevalence, Intensity, Risk factors, North-central Algeria Kuzey-Orta Cezayir'de Sığır Hypodermosis: Yaygınlık, Enfeksiyon Yoğunluğu ve Risk Faktörleri ÖzetBüvelek sineği enfestasyonu (WFI) üzerine bir epidemiyolojik araştırma gerçekleştirmek üzere Ocak-Haziran 2009 döneminde Bejaia Bölgesi'nin (Kuzey-Orta Cezayir) en büyük hayvan pazarı ve beş sığır çiftliği ziyaret edildi. Pazar ve marketlerde sırası ile toplam 3.442 ve 226 sığır klinik olarak muayene edildi. Prevalansın çiftliklerde (%18.1) hayvan pazarına gore (%3.7) daha yüksek olduğu belirlendi. Fakat, enfeksiyonun şiddetinin pazarda (12.61±7.78 vs 7.5±4.15) en yüksek olarak gözlemlendi. Ekstansif yetiştiricilikte en yüksek yaygınlıklta olan WFI prevalansı üzerine yetiştirme sistemi önemli bir etki göstermektedir. Ancak, sığır yaş, cinsiyet ve ırk özelliklerinin WFI yaygınlığı üzerinde önemli bir etki göstermediği belirlendi. Enfeksiyon yoğunluğunu etkileyen tek faktor olarak ırk özelliği bulundu; melez ve yerli ırk ile karşılaştırıldığında Montbeliarde ırkının en ağır enfestasyona maruz kaldığı gözlemlendi.

The study was conducted during tick activity season over a period of 5 years in the Djurdjura Plains, Algeria. A total of 299 cattle (Holstein, Montbeliard, Fleckvieh and crossbred animals) with clinical signs were included in this study. A total of 171 animals were found positive for at least one pathogen by Giemsa‐stained blood smears examination Theileria annulata (136/299, 45.5%), Babesia bovis (14/299, 4.7%), B. bigemina (3/299, 1.0%) and Anaplasma marginale (12/299, 4.0%) were identified. Six animals were co‐infected by T. annulata and A. marginale. Although no ticks were collected from diseased animals, clinical signs in cattle were hyperthermia (120/136, 88.3%), gluttony followed by anorexia (113/136, 83.1%), lymph node enlargement (99/136, 72.8%), anaemia (82/136, 60.3%), icterus (58/136, 42.6%) and haemoglobinuria (36/136, 26.5%). Gluttony followed by anorexia was considered highly suggestive of an incubation of tropical theileriosis as shown by a higher receptivity index (IR = 0.89–1). This clinical sign is evident in young Montbeliard and young Holstein males with anaemia (IR = 1) and icterus (IR = 0.78–0.81) which is earlier than haemoglobinuria (IR = 0.51–0.54). The incidence of T. annulata was maximum in July (n = 57), as well as B. bovis (n = 6) and A. marginale (n = 13). These results highlight the preponderance of tropical theileriosis in north‐central Algeria, where gluttony followed by anorexia is probably a prodromal symptom during the incubation period of the disease.

The aims of this study was to determine the prevalence of Cystic Echinococcosis (CE) and the comparison between the results of the post mortem and serological diagnosis of this infestation in the intermediates host in the province of Djelfa (ALGERIA). The study was carried out on a total of 192 animals composed of 40 cattle, 96 sheep and 56 goats. Prevalences of 30%, 21.8% and 14.3% were recorded by the post mortem examination, against prevalences of 35%, 36.4%, 19.6% recorded by the ELISA test in cattle, sheep and goats respectively. High significant dependence between the two methods of diagnostic (necropsy examination and ELISA test) was found concerning the prevalence of hydatidosis (P <0.05). A concordance of the results (convergence) between the two diagnostic methods was observed in 81% of the examined cases. However, a discord in the results (divergence) between the two methods was found in 19% of the examined cases. In sheep and goats, the prevalence observed in female was higher than male. However in cattle the prevalence was higher in male (31.2%) compared to female (25%). In all screened animals there was not significant difference between the two sexes (P>0.05). A higher prevalence 73% was recorded in adult infested animals (cattle, sheep and goats) as compared to younger animals 27%. The lungs were the mostly affected organ with the cystic echinococcosis, with a prevalence of 62.5%, 58.3% and 57.1% respectively in goats, cattle and sheep. These results indicate the importance of cystic echinococcosis in slaughtered domestic animals in the province of Djelfa and an ELISA test could be used for immunodiagnosis of this disease for epidemiological studies and surveillance schemes.

An analysis was conducted on the arthropod fauna collected from stork, swallow, and pigeon nests during summer 2018 in three regions of north-eastern Algeria (Guelma, El-Tarf, and Annaba). A total of 40 nests was examined, of which 58% were infested with arthropods. Arthropods were less abundant and species rich in swallow nests than in pigeon or stork nests, where a greater dominance of mesostigmatic mites (78.71% and 72.41%, respectively) was found. Dermanyssus gallinae was the most abundant (33.05%) and most frequent (73.33%) mesostigmatic mite in pigeon nests, while uropodina mites were dominant (41.37%) in white stork nests with a frequency of 76.92% of the nests analysed. In swallow nests, the following arthropods were found: Psocodea, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera and Coleoptera belonging to the class Insecta and Isopoda belonging to the class Malacostraca. This is the first comparative survey of arthropods occupying the nests of these bird species in northern Algeria. It is anticipated that these data, that highlight the richness of the arthropod fauna in the nests of these bird species, will motivate further research aimed at characterising the arthropod community in different bird nests and determining the nature of the relationships between them.