Kuzey-Orta Cezayir’de Sığır Hypodermosis: Yaygınlık, Enfeksiyon Yoğunluğu ve Risk Faktörleri

Abstract

From January to June 2009 the biggest livestock market and five bovine farms of Bejaia department (Northcentral Algeria) were visited in order to undertake an epidemiological survey on warble fly infestation (WFI). A total of 3.442 and 226 bovines were clinically examined in both market and farms, respectively. The prevalence was higher in farms (18.1%) than in the animal market (3.7%). On the contrary, the intensity of infection was highest in the market (12.61±7.78 vs 7.5±4.15). The husbandry system exerts a significant effect on the prevalence of WFI, being the prevalence highest under extensive management. However, cattle age, sex and breed did not exert a significant effect on WFI prevalence. Breed was the only factor influencing the intensity of infection; the Montbeliarde breed was the most heavily infested as compared to the crossbreed and the local breed. Keywords: Bovine hypodermosis, Prevalence, Intensity, Risk factors, North-central Algeria Kuzey-Orta Cezayir'de Sığır Hypodermosis: Yaygınlık, Enfeksiyon Yoğunluğu ve Risk Faktörleri ÖzetBüvelek sineği enfestasyonu (WFI) üzerine bir epidemiyolojik araştırma gerçekleştirmek üzere Ocak-Haziran 2009 döneminde Bejaia Bölgesi'nin (Kuzey-Orta Cezayir) en büyük hayvan pazarı ve beş sığır çiftliği ziyaret edildi. Pazar ve marketlerde sırası ile toplam 3.442 ve 226 sığır klinik olarak muayene edildi. Prevalansın çiftliklerde (%18.1) hayvan pazarına gore (%3.7) daha yüksek olduğu belirlendi. Fakat, enfeksiyonun şiddetinin pazarda (12.61±7.78 vs 7.5±4.15) en yüksek olarak gözlemlendi. Ekstansif yetiştiricilikte en yüksek yaygınlıklta olan WFI prevalansı üzerine yetiştirme sistemi önemli bir etki göstermektedir. Ancak, sığır yaş, cinsiyet ve ırk özelliklerinin WFI yaygınlığı üzerinde önemli bir etki göstermediği belirlendi. Enfeksiyon yoğunluğunu etkileyen tek faktor olarak ırk özelliği bulundu; melez ve yerli ırk ile karşılaştırıldığında Montbeliarde ırkının en ağır enfestasyona maruz kaldığı gözlemlendi.

Cezayir - Mağrip’te Bovine Hipodermozisi: İndirek ELİSA İle Sero-epidemiyolojik Bir Çalışma

“…Indeed, the husbandry system is known to exert a major effect on both prevalence and intensity of infection in bovine hypodermosis since extensive husbandry systems are the most favorable for the occurrence of this myiasis, because flies have more chances to contact the animal. This fact agrees with several previous studies [7,9,[27][28][29][30] . Moreover, the autochthonous local breed Atlas Brown which is raised under semi-extensive and extensive husbandry systems presented higher seroprevalence than dairy breeds like the Montbéliard that is mostly kept intensively.…”

“…Currently, control measures against bovine hypodermosis are mainly focused on the administration of broad-spectrum macrocyclic lactone compounds, involving some potential environmental risks [2] . Despite effective chemotherapy, warble flies continue infecting cattle in North America [3,4] , some countries in Europe [5,6] , northern Africa [7] and Asia [8,9] .…”

“…Northern Algeria is in the southern limit of distribution of hypodermosis. Up to date, little is known about the distribution of WFI in this country and all the published data make reference to clinical studies based on warble counts, with prevalences ranging from 18.1% [7] to 84% [18] . Unfortunately, in Algeria, like in other Maghrebian countries cattle breeders are confronting with severe economic losses in the absence of warble management programs.…”

Cezayir’de Sığır Hipodermosis’in Epidemiyolojisine İklimin Etkisi

“…The overall prevalence of hypodermosis detected in northern Algeria can be considered as moderate (28.7%); this percentage was higher than the 18.1% observed by Saidani et al [10] in cattle farms from North Central Algeria and the 3.7% found in an abattoir. However, this prevalence resulted very low as compared to the 76% recorded by Benakhla et al [9] in the eastern part of the country.…”

“…is widely used in some departments and scarcely employed in others. In Algeria, except the data provided by Benakhla et al [8] and Benakhla et al [9] during the 90s in the North East of the country, and more recently by Saidani et al [10] in the North Central part, not any reliable data are available regarding the epidemiology of this infection. In order to cover this lack of information, the present clinical survey, including departments from humid and semi-arid areas of Algeria, was carried out.…”