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Viral isolation, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), dot blot hybridization (DBH), and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) were used for the diagnosis of lumpy skin disease in clinically infected, fevered, and apparently normal dairy cows. Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) was isolated from skin biopsies and blood samples collected from clinically infected cows in percentages of 72% and 20%, respectively. The virus recovered from blood samples collected from fevered cows in percentage of 33.3%. Both PCR and DBH detected viral DNA in 100% of skin biopsies collected from clinically infected cows whereas the detection rates in blood samples collected from clinically infected animals were 100% and 84% using PCR and DBH, respectively. Viral DNA was detected in blood samples collected from fevered cows using PCR and DBH in percentages of 77.8% and 66.6%, respectively. Only 19.1% of blood samples collected from in-contact cows was positive for both of PCR and DBH. Detection rates of antibodies against LSDV using iELISA in serum samples collected from clinically infected and fevered cows were 56% and 11.1%, respectively, whereas all in-contact cows had no antibodies against the virus.

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This study aimed to investigate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant effect of pumpkin seed oil (PSO) against Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatotoxicity. For this purpose, 40 male albino rats were divided into four groups. Group (1) was maintained as normal control group, were given the vehicle. Group (2) was administered with pumpkin seed oil alone at a dose of 300 mg/kg. b.w /day orally. Group (3) received CCl4 alone at a dose of 2.5 ml/kg b.w. (30%) CCl4 / corn oil intraperitoneally after 2 & 3 weeks of the experiment. Group (4) was given both 300 mg/kg. b.w./day pumpkin seed oil for 3 weeks and 2.5 ml CCl4 as in (group 3). Fourty eight hours after the 2 nd CCl4 injection blood samples and liver tissues were collected for biochemical, histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations. In CCl4 group, Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase AST and T. bilirubin in serum significantly increased in serum while Total protein and albumin significantly reduced. Hepatic Malondialdehyde MDA levels increased and antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase &catalase (SOD & CAT) were decreased. Group (4) revealed significant decrease of the hepatic damage, ALT, AST & T. bilirubin while T. protein and albumin significantly increased. Hepatic MDA levels decreased and the efficiency of antioxidant enzymes (SOD & CAT) was improved when compared to CCl4 group. The liver from CCl4-induced damage. Moreover, immunohistochemistry staining demonstrated that pretreatment with PSO significantly inhibited the elevation of iNOS in CCl4-treated rats. It is concluded that pumpkin seed oil has hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects.

This study was carried out to illustrate the effects of Bacillus subtilis probiotic (Baymix®) and chelated zinc (Availa zinc®) in prevention of E. coli in poultry farms and also to examine their effects on some blood biochemical, immunological parameters and antioxidant status in broiler chickens. One hundred and fifty one day old cobb chicks were used in this study. The chicks were divided into six groups, each group contain 25 chick, the 1 st group was (control) non infected and fed balanced diet without additives, 2 nd group was non-infected treated with probiotic (NPRO), 3 rd group was non-infected treated with chelated zinc (NZn), 4 th group was infected non treated (INT), 5 th group was infected treated with probiotic (IPRO) and 6 th group was infected treated with chelated zinc (IZn). The infection by E.coli (078) occurred at 21 st day of age. Blood samples collected for biochemical parameters, phagocytic activity detection. Liver tissues collected for some antioxidant parameters (MDA and GPx), some immunological parameters interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interferon gamma (IFNγ) and interleukin-10 (IL-10), The results showed that were no significant changes in serum uric acid, creatinine, ALT and AST and significant decrease in malonaldehyde (MDA) and increases in glutathione peroxidase (GPx), phagocytic activity and immunological parameters (IL-1β, IFNγ, IL-10) in NPRO and NZn groups compared to control group and significant decreases in serum uric acid ,creatinine, ALT and AST and significant decrease in MDA and significant increase in glutathione peroxidase (GPx), phagocytic activity and immunological parameters IPRO and NZn groups compared to INT group. From this study we could conclude that the use of B. subtilis probiotic and chelated zinc improve kidney and liver functions, antioxidant status, phagocytic activity and immune response in broilers chickens infected with E. coli (078).

This study designed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of stem cells only or stem cells and levamisole on experimentally Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver damage by evaluation of haematological parameters, biochemical parameters, immunological parameters and histopathological findings. Sixty (60) Wister rats were divided into four groups with 15 animals in each group. Group (1): normal group. Group (2): rats injected with CCL4 (0.2ml/100gm) s/c twice a week for 9 weeks. Group (3): rats injected with CCL4 then given MSCs (3x10 6 cell) I/v once a week for 4 weeks. Group (4): rats injected with CCL4 then given levamisole (2.5mg/kg) three successive days for 4 weeks and stem cells (MSCs) (3x10 6 cell) I/v once a week for 4 weeks. Results showed that injection of CCL4 lead to significant increase in activity of hepatic enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP) and Bilirubin level while it decreased serum total protein, albumin, IL-6, Phagocytic index, Phagocytic %, IgG and IgM. While after treatment with stem cells only or stem cells and levamisole lead to significant decrease in activity of hepatic enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP) and Bilirubin level while it increased serum total protein, albumin, IL-6, Phagocytic index, Phagocytic %, IgG and IgM.