No abstract

Patient age, stone size, location and number, radiological renal features and congenital renal anomalies are prognostic factors determining stone clearance after ESWL of renal calculi. Our regression model can predict the probability of the success of ESWL with an accuracy of 87%.

What ' s known on the subject? and What does the study add? Shock wave lithotripsy and fl exible ureterorenoscopy are acceptable treatment options for lower pole stones smaller than 10 mm, while percutaneous nephrolithotomy is the favoured treatment for stones larger than 20 mm.

To differentiate the subtypes of renal cell carcinoma the degree of enhancement is the most valuable parameter. The presence or absence of cystic degeneration, vascularity and enhancement patterns can serve supplemental role in differentiating renal cell carcinoma subtypes.

The term "clinically insignificant residual fragments" is not appropriate for all patients with post-SWL fragments, as 48.7% of patients had fragments that became clinically significant. Fragments of 4 to 5 mm and recurrent stone disease predicted clinical significance.