With the burgeoning population, the community activities, such as laundering, washing, or even bathing, have expanded along the irrigation canal. Consequently, some chemicals from those activities are released and pollute the water body. Besides, the discharge of wastewater into the irrigation system is also an issue of public health concern, because it creates an environment conducive to the reproduction of any pathogenic agent. Using candung as constructed wetlands (CW)-like to treat the irrigation water in rice paddies would be an interesting tool for removing pollutants from the irrigation water. Candung, as a locally used CW in Bali Island, has been applied in the rice field long time ago. The present study aimed to examine candung as a local attached CW or treating irrigation water and analyse the community awareness regarding the candung application. The result showed a positive effect of candung in maintaining the water quality parameters, such as TSS, BOD, COD, and nutrients with certain aquatic plants (Nelumbo nucifera, Nymphaea tetragona, and Pistia stratiotes). The knowledge, behaviour, and action of the local subak community were still limited, whereas they had positive perceptions and responses about candungthe potential of candung as an agrotourism attraction in the village as well.

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Heavy metals and their derivatives are a special class of toxic substances. Many metals are useful for industrial, agricultural and medical applications. Indeed, they can go back through the food chain and thus achievable to human being. Our aim is to study an example of heavy metals cadmium (CdCl 2) at two concentrations 30 and 60 ppm on biological model Oryctolagus cuniculus that is often used in toxicological studies, and the possible neutralization using the Ca 2+. We are interested firstly of estimating LD 50 of CdCl 2 that is in range of 70 to 150 mg/kg according DVGW and we found that the LD 50 is 85.703 mg/kg of CdCl 2 , this valor is augmented with the addition of 30 ppm Ca 2+ to 108.231 mg/kg which show the protective role of Ca 2+. Our results also showed a significant increase in the protein level in treated rabbits with both doses, this augmentation is corrected with the addition of Ca 2+ at all days (7 th , 16 th and 21 st). Impact of CdCl 2 on total white blood cells (WBC) number showed a decrease in treatments with 30 ppm contrarily to the rabbits treated with 60 ppm where we found an increase; these perturbations are more or less corrected with Ca 2+ .

A B S T R A C TDirect use of green plants to stabilize or reduce contamination in soils, surface water, or ground water has gained increasing popularity in both academic and practical fields. Phytoremediation is a low-cost and friendly technology to the environment, not only for the elimination of heavy metals but also for the various pollutions. This study investigated the effect of cadmium chloride (CdCl 2 ) on chlorophyll and lipids contents and evaluated the activity of guaiacol peroxidase (GPOX) in Phragmites australis aerial and root part. Known as common reed, this plant is widely used for the treatment of wastewater contaminated with heavy metals. The analysis of those selected physiological parameters has allowed understanding cellular behavior in the presence of various concentrations of cadmium. The results showed that low doses of CdCl 2 induced a significant increase in total chlorophyll content (A + B) unlike the other two doses, as well it was demonstrated that CdCl 2 induced a negative dose-dependent effect on lipid content. However, the decreased level of fat contents was less important in roots than in leaves. The effects of CdCl 2 on enzymatic activity in leaves showed a very highly significant inhibition of GPOX activity for all used concentrations; contrarily in roots, an increase in the activity was recorded. Following this study, the increased activity of GPOX in roots partly explains the ability to accumulate CdCl 2 in this part of the plant especially if we know that GPOX has a role in cellular protection against oxidative stress imposed by heavy metals and cell wall lignifications where heavy metals adsorbed to minimize penetration inside cells.