Female genital tuberculosis is a disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in the female reproductive tract. The disease burden among women leads to infertility is significant, especially in developing countries. The bacteria can spread from the lung into the reproductive organ through lymphatic or hematogenous. Many patients present with atypical symptoms, which mimic other gynecological conditions. Several investigations are needed to establish the diagnosis. Almost all cases of genital TB affect the fallopian tube and cause infertility in patients and endometrial involvement. Current treatment still relies on antituberculosis therapy with a combination of tubal surgery. The present review describes the epidemiological data, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and currently available treatment to cure the disease and for in vitro fertilization.

Background High numbers of maternal mortality rate and child mortality rate continue to be the pressing issues in Indonesia. To tackle this problem, multiple approaches have been undertaken, particularly through distributing a Maternal and Child Health (MCH) handbook to every pregnant woman. However, despite the widespread usage of such handbook, its true efficacy in supporting safe motherhood by improving maternal knowledge on various stages of pregnancy and the associated obstetric danger signs is relatively unknown and remains to be established. Methods This is a primary cross-sectional study conducted at Majalengka General District Hospital on recently delivering postpartum women between August and September 2017. A total of 127 women were recruited and later divided into two separate groups according to their self-admission on the degree they had read the MCH handbook (C 50% and \ 50%) and administered a prevalidated questionnaire to assess their knowledge around pregnancy and its danger signs. Results We discovered that our population had high knowledge around pregnancy and its danger signs, and the MCH handbook did not hold a significant role in effecting this finding (p value 0.295). Furthermore, various

A randomized, assessor-blind, group-comparative study was performed to compare the efficacy of Normegon [75 IU follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and 25 IU luteinizing hormone (LH) and Metrodin (75 IU FSH and < 1.25 IU LH) in infertile women undergoing in-vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer. None of the patients were pituitary-suppressed by means of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-agonist treatment. They were randomized in blocks of five with a ratio between treatment with Normegon and with Metrodin of 3:2. A total of 158 patients started hormonal treatment, i.e. 93 patients with Normegon and 65 patients with Metrodin and a total of 248 cycles were performed. Evaluation of first treatment cycles included statistical analysis of the total number of ampoules, number of follicles (> or = 14 mm), serum oestradiol concentrations on the day of HCG (10,000 IU) administration, the number of oocytes retrieved and the ongoing pregnancy rate per attempt and per transfer. For none of these parameters were significant differences revealed. In both groups the median duration of stimulation was 7 days and the median number of ampoules used was 21. Overall, the duration of treatment was short in order to prevent as much as possible endogenous LH rises. The overall ongoing pregnancy rate per transfer of all cycles was 21% in the Normegon group and 19% in the Metrodin group. Analysis of completed treatment cycles (n = 90) with premature rises of LH > 10.0 IU/l and/or progesterone > 1.0 ng/l revealed a relatively high incidence (23%) of fertilization failure and poor embryo quality, but the ongoing pregnancy rate per transfer was still 22%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Fibroepithelial polyps or acrochordons are benign skin tumors of mesenchymal and ectodermal origin. They are seen in 25% of the population, and their frequency increases with age. They are often found in areas with skin folds, such as the neck, axilla, submandibular, or inguinal region. However, they can also be located in the genital tract. Hormone imbalances may facilitate the development of fibroepithelial polyp s (e.g., high levels of estrogen and progesterone during pregnancy). Larger lesions are likely to arise from the proliferation of mesenchymal cells within the hormonally sensitive subepithelial stromal layer of the lower. Generally, their size does not exceed 5 millimeters. We present a 28-year-old patient with multiple giant fibroepithelial polyps with size of 20 × 12 × 8   cm and 9 × 4 × 2   cm , located on both sides of her vulva. Herein, we presented our patient along with the review of current literature pertaining to the diagnosis and the treatment of fibroepithelial polyps (FEPs) and the factors leading to excessive growth.

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