Asthenopia (kelelahan mata) merupakan sekumpulan gejala berupa permasalahan pada penglihatan (visual), mata (okular), dan muskuloskeletal yang umumnya terjadi hilang timbul. Keluhan ini sering muncul akibat pengaruh penggunaan perangkat digital dalam waktu yang lama terutama lebih dari 6 jam perhari. Penderita asthenopia secara global mencapai 60 juta orang yang didominasi usia muda. Gejala asthenopia yang paling sering dirasakan adalah keluhan mata kering, kesulitan dalam memfokuskan objek, mata tegang, mata lelah, dan sakit kepala. Diagnosis asthenopia dapat dilakukan secara subjektif dengan menggunakan kuesioner standar ataupun secara objektif dengan pemeriksaan lanjutan. Pemeriksaan yang dapat dilakukan berupa pengukuran Critical Flicker-fusion Frequency (CFF), pengukuran frekuensi berkedip, kemampuan akomodasi, serta refleks cahaya dan ukuran pupil yang dapat memberikan gambaran lebih jelas ke arah asthenopia. Tatalaksana dan terapi pada asthenopia diberikan untuk meredakan gejala dan mengatasi penyebabnya seperti terapi untuk mengatasi mata kering, koreksi gangguan refraksi, terapi gangguan akomodasi dan vergensi, dan penggunaan kacamata filter cahaya biru. Walaupun asthenopia terjadi secara hilang timbul, penyakit ini dapat menjadi menetap dan berkembang menimbulkan keluhan permanen. Artikel ini ditulis berdasarkan hasil literature review dari penelitian terkait diagnosis, tatalaksana, dan terapi asthenopia yang sudah dipublikasi. Penulisan artikel ini diharapkan dapat dijadikan acuan dalam menindaklanjuti kasus asthenopia sehingga prevalensi dan insidensinya dapat ditekan.
Abstract. Excessive training practices without sufficient recovery period (overtraining) may be influential to promote myocardial injury. The aim of this study was to tested the hypothesis that overtraining exercise caused myocardial changes within histopathobiological analysis in rats. In this study, male wistar rats (n= 16) underwent ten weeks of overtraining weeks. Rats were divided into 2 groups: 1) controls (swam 15 minute/day, 5 days/week) and 2) overstrained rats that in 6 week swam twice a day for 1 hour. After sacrificing, the hearts excised for pathological preparation slides.There was significant difference in morphologic histopathological slides between groups. Compared to controlled groups, there was histopathological analysis showed increased chromatin activity fragmentation of myocardial structure in the overstrained group. Hypertrophic of left ventricle also higher in overstrained groups than control. Necrotic bodies spread in left ventricles myocardium of overstrained groups and there were not found in controlled group. The results of study gives an add it ion of evidence about negative effects of overtraining for myocardium. Furthermore, this study shows that avoiding overtraining should be an important rules in order to protect that myocardial injury and needed for an extended investigations.
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