Bilateral removal of the cerebral cortex was made in cats neonatally. Spontaneous and imposed behaviour was studied while they were growing up and after they had become adult. Special emphasis was put on the utilization of visual cues and on learning. The cats ate, drank and groomed themselves adequately. Adequate maternal and female sexual behaviour was observed. They utilized the visual and haptic senses with respect to external space. Two cats were trained to perform visual discrimination if a T-maze. The adequacy of the behaviour of these cats is compared to that of animals with similar lesions made at maturity.

ABSTRACT.Purpose: To carry out a longitudinal study of patients with Fuchs' heterochromic uveitis (FHU) in western Sweden and to establish the factors responsible for diagnostic delay. Methods: A sample of 54 patients, 51 with monocular and three with binocular FHU, were followed for periods ranging from 8 months to 15 years. Firm diagnostic criteria were set. A detailed anamnesis regarding ocular and extraocular symptoms was taken. The eyes were repeatedly examined. Toxoplasma serology was analysed. Complications were noted. Results: The delay between the first visit to an ophthalmologist and diagnosis was 0)26 years. The most common first symptom was floaters. Iris heterochromia was absent in 11 patients and discrete in 26. Iris atrophy (a diagnostic criterion) was easy to miss. Chorioretinal scars were found in six patients. Toxoplasma serology was positive in 18 (35%) patients. The only serious complication was glaucoma. Conclusions: The most important reason for delay in diagnosis of FHU is, in our opinion, failure to consider the disease as a diagnosis. This failure may occur because heterochromia is often missing or discrete, iris atrophy is easily overlooked, and vitreous opacities are common, often cause early symptoms and can explain prolonged workup and therapy. A connection with toxoplasmosis in individual cases cannot be excluded but toxoplasmosis cannot be considered a major aetiological factor. If detailed anamnesis is negative and diagnostic criteria are fulfilled, no further workup is required.

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ABSTRACT.Purpose: To investigate the extent and type of, as well as the circumstances connected with, ocular injuries caused by pyrotechnical products in the Western region of Sweden (1 750 000 inhabitants). Methods: A three-year prospective observational study was carried out to register, interview and follow-up all patients with ocular injuries caused by fireworks. The patients were reported by all ophthalmologists in the area. Results: 52 patients (72 injured eyes) were reported, 49 males and 3 females. 39 of 52 (75%) were younger than 18 years. 15 patients (including the three females) were bystanders. The injuries ranged from conjunctivitis to complete loss of the eye. The pyrotechnical device had been manipulated or misused in 19 (37%) of the 52 accidents. Seriousness of injury could not be correlated to type of device or to whether the injured person was active in launching the firework or not. 20 (38%) of the 52 patients had permanent damage to the eye. Conclusion: Ocular injuries from fireworks remain a problem. Preventive measures such as protective glasses and legislation are being discussed.

ABSTRACT.Purpose: To study aqueous flare longitudinally in patients with Fuchs' heterochromic uveitis (FHU) and for comparison in another group with iris atrophy (non FHU). Methods: A new laser flare meter was used. Iris angiography was performed in most FHU patients. Results:The flare values in the affected eyes in the FHU group were always higher compared to the normal eyes and rather constant over time. Cataract surgery did not permanently change the flare values. Systemic -but not localsteroid therapy caused normalization of the flare. Iris angiography displayed leakage in all FHU eyes. Leakage from original vessels dominated although some newly-formed leaking vessels were observed. Conclusions:The results support the notion that FHU is a low grade, chronic, stable disease. Leaking iris vessels, original or newly-formed, are probably the source of the increased flare. Our hypothesis is that inflammation plays a major part. Atrophy per se does not enhance flare.