The present study investigated the effects of dietary allspice powder supplementation on welfare status of Tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus assessed by hemato-immunological and serum biochemical parameters. Five diets were formulated to contain 0 (control), 5, 10, 15 or 20 g of allspice kg À1 of fish feed. Fish were fed experimental diets for 60 days. Supplementation of allspice powder at 10 g kg À1 positively influenced the serum glucose, plasma lysozyme activity and myeloperoxidase activity. Dietary allspice powder at 15 g kg À1 also positively influenced the serum biochemical parameters (total protein, albumin and globulin) and plasma lysozyme activity. However, 20 g kg À1 allspice powder group had significantly lower values of respiratory burst activity and red blood cell count than other experimental groups (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrated that supplementation of allspice powder at 10 or 15 g kg À1 for 60 days, had beneficial effects on improvement of some immunological and serum biochemical status of O. mossambicus. These findings suggest that dietary supplementation of allspice powder might further improve the resistance to fish pathogens.
The aim of the study was to determine the potential and sustainable use of pre-commercial product ITTINSECT™ APS V1 as a major protein source in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) diets. A 60-day feeding experiment was conducted to potentially use ITTINSECT as fish meal replacement in the diets of rainbow trout. Five isonitrogenous in dry matter (38% crude protein) and isolipidic (15% crude lipid) diets were produced: a control diet (fishmeal-based) (ITT0) and four experimental diets replacing fishmeal by 25 (ITT25), 50 (ITT50), 75 (ITT75) and 100 (ITT100) %, with ITTINSECT™ APS V1. Triplicate tanks, containing 15 fish each (65.81 ± 1.26 g), were hand-fed to apparent satiation twice every day during the experiment. At the end of the feeding trial, significantly higher growth performance was observed in the group fed ITTM25 and ITTM50 diets. This performance was supported by growth-related gene expressions analyzed in muscle; significantly higher GH and IGF-I genes expression levels were determined in ITT25 and ITT50 when compared to control (ITT0) (p < 0.05). While no significant differences were found between the hematology values (p > 0.05), serum total protein, globulins and glucose levels were significantly different between experimental groups (p < 0.05). In addition to this, the immune-related genes such as TNF-α, IL8 and IL1-β expression levels were determined to be significantly different (p < 0.05). In conclusion, in order to achieve the best growth performance in rainbow trout and enhance sustainable aquaculture practices, replacement of fish meal with up to 50% ITTINSECT™ APS V1 in diets for rainbow trout is suggested.
This study aims to determine the service quality that students get from private preparation courses. Students who attended the private courses for the preparation of university exam in the centre of Aksaray in 2012-2013 formed the target population of the study. While determining the students, cluster sampling method was used. T Test results display that the perceptions of students were lower than their expectations. Moreover, the results of correlation reveal that there is a relation between social demographic characteristics of students and their perceptions. In the factor analysis results while the expectation statements were gathered under six factor, the perception statements were gathered under five factors. Besides, in Manova analysis results it is determined that social demographic characteristics of students and perception factors show difference. The results obtained from this study give a new point of view to the existing studies and lead future studies.
Duyusal uyarım hem etrafımızdaki dünyayı nasıl algıladığımızı hem de ona nasıl tepki verdiğimizi şekillendiren temel unsurdur. Günümüz şiddetli rekabet ortamında, duyusal pazarlama konusu rekabet avantajı kazanmak için etkili bir strateji olarak dikkatleri çekmektedir. Bu çalışmada beş duyu organının tüketicilerin satın alma kararları üzerindeki etkisi araştırılmıştır. Görme, işitme, koklama, tat alma ve dokunma algılarının satın alma kararlarını etkilemede pozitif yönde etkisini olduğu, hipotezlerinin doğruluğu, araştırılmış olup, araştırmada; 320 kişiye anket uygulanmış, elde edilen veriler yapısal eşitlik analizi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca duyusal özelliklere verilen önemin demografik değişkenlere göre farklılık gösterip göstermediğini tespit etmek amacıyla da analizler yapılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda; Koklama, İşitme, Görme, Tatma ve Dokunma duyularının tamamının satın alma kararlarında yüksek ölçüde etkili olduğu kanıtlanmıştır.
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