Cognition and environment are predictors of infants' motor development over time

RESUMOPouco se sabe sobre a repercussão para o desenvolvimento do bebê dos fatores ambientais e das tarefas cotidianas as quais a mãe adolescente está exposta. Por isso o presente estudo propôs identificar as associações e os preditores do desenvolvimento motor e cognitivo de bebês filhos de mães adolescentes e adultas. Foram avaliados 40 bebês com idade entre 0 e 18 meses, tendo 20 bebês em cada grupo -mães adolescentes e adultas. ABSTRACTLittle is known about the impact of environmental factors and daily tasks for the infant development which the adolescent mother is exposed. Therefore the present study was to identify associations and predictors of motor and cognitive development of infants of adolescent and adult mothers. Participated 40 babies aged between 0 and 18 months, 20 babies in each group -adolescent and adult mothers. Alberta Motor Infant Scale, Bayley Scale of Infant Development; Affordances in the Home Environment for Motor Development, Knowledge of Infant Development and Daily Activities of Infant was used for assessments. A strong association between motor skills and cognition (r² = 0.88) in both groups was observed. The predictors of motor development in the adolescent mother group were paternal age, home space, the mother does not work outside the home, parents' educational level, number of toys and adults in the household, parenting practices and knowledge of parents The predictors of cognitive development were parents living together, the amount of rooms in the residence and parenting practices. In the adult mother group, the predictors of motor development were the cognitive development, caesarean birth, parents living together, amount of rooms in the residence and parenting practices. As predictors of cognitive development, remained in the regression model the motor development, number of days in the ICU, number of rooms in the residence and parental practice. Conclusions: The interdependence between cognition and motor skills, family and residence characteristics, and parenting practices were the main determinants of infant trajectory. Keywords: Adolescent. Pregnancy. Cognition. Motor dexterity. IntroduçãoO desenvolvimento humano é um processo que decorre das mudanças nos domínios motor, cognitivo, afetivo e físico. Os domínios motor e cognitivo do desenvolvimento estão em constante interação, sendo fortemente influenciados um pelo outro 1 . Consequentemente é fundamentar ao estudar o desenvolvimento infantil, compreender as muitas conexões na qual

Background: Motor development occurs throughout periods of motor skill acquisition, adjustment and variability. The objectives of this study were to analyze and compare biological and health characteristics and motor skill acquisition trajectories in preterm and full-term infants during the first year of life. Methods: Two thousand, five hundred and seventy-nine infants (1,361 preterm) from 22 states were assessed using the Alberta Infant Motor Scale. Multivariate General Linear Model, t-tests, ANOVA, and Tukey tests were used. Results: An age 9 group significant interaction was found for motor scores. On follow-up tests full-term infants had higher scores in prone, supine, sitting and standing postures that require trunk control from 9 to 10 months of age; although this advantage was observed for sitting from the second month of life. Conclusion: During the first trimester of life, preterm infants have higher scores in the supine and standing postures. Regarding motor trajectories, from newborn to 12 months, the period of higher motor acquisition was similar between full-term and preterm infants for prone (3-10 months), supine (1-6 months), and standing (6-12 months). For the sitting posture, however, full-term infants had a period of intensive motor learning of acquisition from the first to 7 months of life, whereas for preterm infants a shorter period was observed (3-7 months). Conclusion: Although the periods of higher motor acquisition were similar, full-term infants had higher scores in more control-demanding postures. Intervention for preterm infants needs to extend beyond the first months of life, and include guidance to parents to promote motor development strategies to achieve control in the higher postures.

Resumo:Introdução: A intervenção cognitivo-motora é benéfica para o desenvolvimento tanto motor como cognitivo do bebê. Essas intervenções, no hospital, têm sido amplamente estudadas dentro de unidades de terapia intensiva neonatal, porém poucos estudos investigam a intervenção avaliando o desenvolvimento infantil dentro de unidades de internação pediátrica. Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto da intervenção cognitivo-motora no desenvolvimento motor e cognitivo de bebês de 1 a 18 meses, hospitalizados por doenças respiratórias. Método: Pesquisa quase experimental, na qual participaram 22 bebês internados na unidade pediátrica por doença respiratória, divididos em dois grupos (10 no grupo controle e 12 no grupo intervenção), sem diferenças significativas nos dados biológicos The motor intervention as delays prevention factor in motor and cognitive development of infants during the hospital stayAbstract: Introduction: Cognitive-motor tasks intervention is beneficial for the infant's motor and cognitive development. These interventions in the hospital setting, have been widely studied in neonatal intensive care units, however, few studies evaluate child development within pediatric units. Objective: To evaluate the impact of cognitive-motor intervention in motor and cognitive development of infants hospitalized with respiratory diseases.Method: The research was characterized as quasi-experimental, 22 babies hospitalized in the pediatric unit for respiratory disease were divided into 2 groups (10 in the control group and 12 in the intervention group) without significant differences in biological and socioeconomic data. The mean age was 5.50 months (SD ± 4.51), ranging between 1 and 16 months. Questionnaire was conducted with the infant's parent/guardian for sample characterization.The Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) and the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID-III) was used to evaluate motor e cognitive development. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, Student's t test, General Linear Model and One Way ANOVA. Results: The results show a significant interaction between group A intervenção motora como fator de prevenção de atrasos no desenvolvimento motor e cognitivo de bebês durante o período de internação hospitalar

Este artigo está licenciado sob forma de uma licença Creative Commons Atribuição 4.0 Internacional, que permite uso irrestrito, distribuição e reprodução em qualquer meio, desde que a publicação original seja corretamente citada. ABSTRACT AIMS: To evaluate the acquisition of motor milestones in the first two years of life and the relationship between gross motor function and manipulation, cognition and language in infants who attend day care centers. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with a non-probabilistic sample of infants attending public and private day care centers in a city in southern Brazil. The Alberta Infant Motor Scale and the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development were used to assess the motor performance of each child. Descriptive statistics were used for the characterization of the sample and simple linear regression in three different age groups (group 1: between six and nine months; group 2: between 10 and 12 months; group 3: between 13 and 16 months) for the analysis of relationships between the variables gross and fine motor skills, cognition and language. RESULTS: We studied 63 infants between six and 16 months of age who did not present statistically significant differences in their biological and sociodemographic characteristics when the three stratified groups were compared. Most children did not acquire the developmental milestones in the period expected for their age group. There was correlation between the developmental scores, and the gross motor function was able to explain a large part of the variability in the fine motor function, cognition and language scores (R 2 ajust>0.5) over the first two years of life. CONCLUSIONS: The evaluated motor skills occurred generally late in the sample. The delay in the acquisition of gross motor milestones had an impact on the overall developmental skills, corroborating the influence of gross motor function in the other domains of development.KEY WORDS: infant development; motor skills; infant; child day care center.

Introduction: The motor trajectory of pre-term children is an important indicator of health during infancy, since alterations may be a signal for the need of professional intervention. Objective: To describe percentiles and motor development curves for Brazilian preterm infants in the first year of life, determining the reference values for categorization of motor performance assessed by the AIMS. Methods: Participated in this cross-sectional study 976 children born pre-term, newly-born to 12 months of corrected age. The Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) was used to assess participants’ motor development. The scores of the Brazilian norms were used as comparison criteria. Results: Children born pre-term showed lower scores compared to children born full-term indicating the need for a specific percentile curve for that population. The scores differentiated at P1 to P99 percentiles allowing for the categorization of children with typical development, at risk and with atypical development. At 0, 4, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 months an overlapping of extreme percentiles (P1, P5 and P10; P90, P95 and P99) was observed, but not in the other percentiles. Conclusion: The percentiles described indicate that preterm children presented lower motor performance than full-term children and AIMS has discriminant power for the clinical evaluation of these children. The developmental curves showed lower capacity for behavioral differentiation in the extreme percentiles.

Introdução: Em períodos de internação, as experiências vividas pelas crianças podem se mostrar desfavoráveis ao desenvolvimento. Programas interventivos compensatórios podem minimizar esses riscos. Objetivo: Analisar o impacto de uma intervenção cognitivo-motora no desenvolvimento cognitivo e motor de bebês hospitalizados com diagnóstico de fibrose cística. Material e métodos: Participaram do grupo interventivo (GI) seis bebês com diagnóstico de fibrose cística internados em unidade pediátrica de um hospital universitário. O grupo controle foi composto por bebês saudáveis pareados com o GI por idade gestacional, idade, sexo e renda familiar. Os dois grupos foram avaliados com a Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) no pré- e pós-intervenção; e, a Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID-III) foi utilizada para avaliar os bebês do GI. Resultados: O GI apresentou escores motores inferiores ao GC no pré-intervenção e desenvolvimento semelhante no pós-intervenção. Mudanças positivas e significantes foram observadas para o GI no desenvolvimento motor amplo (AIMS: p = 0,026; BSID-III: p = 0,042) e fino (BSID-III: p = 0,043), bem como no percentil de desenvolvimento motor (AIMS: p = 0,043). Conclusão: O impacto da intervenção no ambiente hospitalar foi positivo para o desenvolvimento motor e cognitivo dos bebês com fibrose cística, potencializando e prevenindo descontinuidade no desenvolvimento motor e cognitivo.Palavras-chave: desenvolvimento infantil, fibrose cística, destreza motora, cognição.

Os objetivos deste estudo consistiram em comparar o desenvolvimento motor de bebês participantes e não participantes de programas de atividades aquáticas, e investigar o impacto do tempo de participação no desenvolvimento motor. Dele participaram 80 bebês (idades entre 1 e 18 meses) distribuídos em dois grupos: o grupo de participantes de programas de atividades aquáticas (GA) e o grupo controle (GC), com participantes provenientes de escolas infantis, ambos pareados de acordo com idade e renda familiar. Para avaliação do desenvolvimento motor foi utilizada a Alberta Infant Motor Scale. Os resultados evidenciam melhor desempenho do GA e associação moderada entre o desenvolvimento motor e o tempo de prática no programa aquático. O programa aquático e o tempo de prática nesse programa influenciaram positivamente o desenvolvimento motor dos participantes.