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HRR from the 1st to 5th min post-exercise negatively correlated with parasympathetic modulation in resting orthostatic, but showed no correlation in supine position. At the 3rd and 5th min, a positive correlation with combined sympathetic-parasympathetic modulation in both positions was observed.

IntroductionHypertension is the most prevalent modifiable risk factor with a high prevalence among older adults. Exercise is a nonpharmacological treatment shown to benefit all patients with hypertension.ObjectiveThis study examined the effects of a 14-week moderate intensity resistance training program (RT) on the maintenance of blood pressure and hand grip strength during an extended detraining period in elderly hypertensive women.MethodsTwelve hypertensive sedentary elderly women completed 14 weeks of whole body RT at a moderate perceived exertion following a detraining period of 14 weeks.ResultsFollowing the training period, participants demonstrated an increase in absolute hand grip strength (P=0.001), relative hand grip strength (P=0.032) and a decrease of systolic (P=0.001), diastolic (P=0.008), and mean blood pressure (P=0.002) when compared to pre-exercise values. In addition, these effects were sustained after 14 weeks of detraining.ConclusionResistance training may be a valuable method to improve muscular strength and blood pressure in elderly people with benefits being maintained up to 14 weeks following training cessation.

Bradycardia and higher oxygen uptake were found in association with unaltered cardiac autonomic modulation in elite mountain bikers athletes in supine and orthostatic positions, compared to active non-athletes. This bradycardia was not dependent on distinctive resting autonomic modulation. Intrinsic adaptation of sinus node and/or a peculiar state of autonomic adaptation to this exercise can be possible mechanisms.

Several resistance training methods (RTM) have been developed in order to manipulate physiological stimuli and obtain better results with training. The purpose of this study is to compare the metabolic and mechanical responses among seven different RTM reported in the literature. The RTM were compared with regard to blood lactate, time under tension (TUT) and total loading (TUT x load) in recreationally trained young men. The RTM tested were 10RM (TEN), super-slow (SL), functional isometrics (FI), adapted vascular occlusion (VO), 6RM (SIX), forced repetitions (FR) and breakdowns (BD). All RTM produced significant increases in blood lactate, with no difference among them. The BD method elicited higher TUT and total loading compared to the other RTM tested.

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Creatine is the most popular nutritional supplement widely used to improve performance in activities that involve exercise of short duration and high intensity. However, the complications arising from its use are not fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of two doses of creatine supplementation on renal and hepatic function in healthy adults during eight weeks of resistance exercise training. Biochemical tests were performed on 35 athletes randomly distributed into three groups, placebo (PLA, n = 12), creatine (CRE1, n = 12) and creatine2 (CRE2, n = 11) before and after eight weeks of resistance training. In a double-blind design, the volunteers were supplemented (20 g/day) with creatine (CRE1, CRE2) or placebo (PLA) for seven days and at the 53 subsequent days with 0.03g/kg of body weight of each supplement (CRE1, PLA) and 5g/day for CRE2. There was no intervention in the composition of their diets, which were recorded and analyzed. The results of biochemical tests conducted remained within normal ranges. Creatinine values increased by 12.2% for CRE1 and 9.0% for CRE2, whereas decreased by 4.7% in PLA; however, these values did not exceed normal rates. The values of liver function tests declined in nearly all fractions in all treatments, not being statistically significant, though. It is concluded that creatine supplementation at the dosages used (0.03g/kg and 5g/day) for healthy subjects during eight weeks does not alter hepatic or renal function, hence under the conditions of this study, creatine was considered safe.

RESUMOA adolescência é acompanhada de mudanças cognitivas, emocionais, sociais e biológicas que ampliam as situações de risco ao desenvolvimento de disfunções psicossomáticas. Este estudo aferiu e classificou a composição corporal e a comparou à autopercepção corporal em adolescentes. Alunos do sétimo ao nono ano do ensino fundamental público no Distrito Federal, Brasil, responderam a questionários sóciodemográfico e de percepção corporal. Massa e estatura foram medidas e o Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) foi calculado para classificação da composição corporal. Dos 977 adolescentes, 79.1% apresentaram IMC eutrófico. Dos 473 meninos, 11.4% apresentaram excesso de peso e 4.7% baixo peso; 23.8% perceberam o corpo como menor do que realmente é e 25.5% tentaram ganhar massa corporal. Das 504 meninas, 11.9% apresentaram excesso de peso e 13.4% baixo peso; 24.1% perceberam o corpo como maior do que realmente é e 32.5% tentaram perder massa corporal. A composição corporal inadequada, prevalente em 20.9% dos adolescentes, pode trazer prejuízos ao crescimento, desenvolvimento e saúde. Estes problemas podem ser agravados pela elevada prevalência de autopercepção corporal distorcida e de atitudes para obter mudanças corporais. Recomenda-se a realização de intervenções educativas sobre composição, percepção e cultura corporal e saúde de forma integrada, com abordagens diferenciadas por sexo. Palavras-chave: imc, imagem corporal, sobrepeso, baixo peso, saúde ABSTRACT Adolescence is accompanied by cognitive, emotional, social and biological changes; situations that increase the risk for development of psychosomatic disorders. This study measured and classified body composition and compared it to body self-perception in adolescents. Students from the seventh to ninth grade in public primary education in Distrito Federal, Brazil, answered socio-demographic and body self-perception questionnaires. Weight and height were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated for body composition classification. From the 977 adolescents, 79.1% presented eutrophic BMI. Of the 473 boys, 11.4% were overweight and 4.7% underweight, 23.8% perceived the body as smaller than it really is and 25.5% tried to gain body mass. Of the 504 girls, 11.9% were overweight and 13.4% underweight, 24.1% perceived the body as larger than it really is and 32.5% tried to lose body mass. Inadequate body composition, prevalent in 20.9% of adolescents, may harm growth, development and health. These problems may be aggravated by the high prevalence of distorted body self-perception and attitudes for bodily changes. It is recommended the implementation of educational interventions on body composition, perception and culture and health, with different approaches by gender.