Novel one-pot synthesis naphtho[2,3-g]phthalazine (1a–1k) of Mannich base derivatives can be achieved via grindstone chemistry using a Tel-Cu-NPs (telmisartan-copper nanoparticles) catalyst. This method offers efficient mild reaction conditions and high yields. Tyrosinase inhibitory activity was evaluated for all synthesized compounds, along with analysis of kinetic behavior and molecular docking studies. The synthesized compound, 1c was (IC50 = 11.5 µM) more active than kojic acid (IC50 = 78.0 µM). Lineweaver Burk plots were used to analyze the kinetic behavior of the most active compound 1c, it was reversible and competitive behavior. Compound 1c and kojic acid occurred in the presence of 2-hydroxyketone, which has the same inhibitory mechanism. The molecular docking of compound 1c and the control kojic acid were docked against 2Y9X protein via the Schrodinger Suite. The compound 1c showed a respectable dock score (−5.6 kcal/mol) compared to kojic acid with a dock score of (−5.2 kcal/mol) in the 2Y9X protein. Cytotoxicity activity was also evaluated by using HepG2 (liver), MCF-7 (breast), and HeLa (cervical) cancer cell lines, and high activity for 1c (GI50 = 0.01, 0.03, and 0.04 µM, respectively) against all cell lines was found compared to standard and other compounds. Therefore, this study succeeded in testing a few promising molecules as potential antityrosinase agents.
A series of 2-thioxo pyrimidine derivatives 1, (1 a-1 e) and 2, (2 a-2 e) were synthesized via Biginelli reaction by using Cu IItyrosinase (Cu II -Tyr) as an enzyme catalyst in up to 80-92% yield. The compounds 1, (1 a-1 e) and 2, (2 a-2 e) were characterized by IR, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, mass spectra and elemental analyses. The synthesized compounds 1, (1 a-1 e) and 2, (2 a-2 e) were screened for mosquito larvicidal activity against Culex quinquefasciatus. The compound 2 a was 80% mortality at 100 μg/mL with the LD 50 value of 55.94 μg/mL than the control Permethrin 60.03 μg/mL respectively. Molecular docking studies of synthesized compounds were carried out and the results proposed that the compound 2 a as a potential candidate to mosquito odorant-binding protein 3OGN inhibitors. In addition, computational studies, the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energies showed that the charge transfer occurs in the inside of the molecule and also gives the chemical reactivity descriptors, and molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) is also calculated. Therefore, experimental and theoretical studies were well supported for the compound 2 a as a potential larvicide activity aganist mosquito larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus.
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