security issues. In this paper, we mainly focus on a keyIn this paper, we try to proposal a new mechanism networking problem: routing protocol for VANETs. for optimizing the route of the Greedy parts of GPSR.The main requirement of routing protocols is to By studying the GPSR, we find that the Greedy part of achieve minimal communication time with minimum GPSR is not always to find the most optimized route, consumption of network resources. As we know many especially in the denser scenario. So according to this routing protocols have been developed for Mobile Ad problem, we try to propose a mechanism to find an Hoc Networks (MANETs), and some of them can be optimized route. In our proposal, we give out a applied directly to VANETs, Such as AODV [2] (Adformula to compute a unique value for each of hoc On-demand Distance Vector) and DSR [4] neighbors. The one with the smallest value will be (Dynamic Source Routing). They are designed for chosen as the next forwarding hop. The main general purpose mobile ad hoc networks and do not advantage of our mechanism is that it integrates the maintain routes unless they are needed. Hence, they influence of both of the denser and sparse can reduce overhead, especially in scenarios with s environment. Therefore, wherever we located, we can small number of network flows. However, VANET always find an optimized route comparing with GPSR. differs from MANET by its highly dynamic topology.In this paper, we also give out a mathematical model to A number of studies have been done to simulate and evaluate the performance of our proposal. Basing on compare the performance of routing protocol in various the model, we use ns to simulate the highway traffic conditions in VANETs[5][6][8][9][11], the condition. Form the result, we find that our proposal is simulation results showed that they suffer from poor better that GPSR at aspect of time delay. But in the performances because of the characteristics of fast packet delivery ratio, it doesn't bring us a remarkable vehicle's Movement, dynamic information exchange improvement. In the following part, I will describe and relative high speed of mobile nodes. So finding them in detail and maintaining routes is a very challenging task in VANETs. To consider the Vehicle network, we Keyword: routingprotocol optimal, VANET, GPSR. intuitively think to use the geographical position information to decide the route. The position-based 1. Introduction routing protocols have been brought forward. Most Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) are position based routing algorithms base forwarding e g nw t y tdecision on location information. For example, greedy emerging new technology to integrate the capabilities. of new generation wireless networks to vehicles. It routing always forwards the packet to the vehicle that includes a variety of applications such as co-operative geographically closest to the destination. GPSR traffic monitoring, control of traffic flows, blind (Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing) [1] is one of the crossing, prevention of collisions,...
One of major purposes of a RFID system is to track moving objects using tags attached to the objects. Because a tagged object has both location and time information expressed as the location of the reader, we can index the trajectory of the object like existing spatiotemporal objects. More efficient tracking may be possible if a spatiotemporal trajectory can be formed of a tag, but there has not been much research on tag trajectory indexes. A characteristic that distinguishes tags from existing spatiotemporal objects is that a tag creates a separate trajectory in each reader by entering and then leaving the reader. As a result, there is a trajectory interruption interval between readers, in which the tag cannot be located, and this makes it difficult to track the tag. In addition, the point tags that only enter and don't leave readers do not create trajectories, so cannot be tracked. To solve this problem, we propose a tag trajectory index called TR-tree (tag trajectory R-tree in RFID system) that can track a tag by combining separate trajectories among readers into one trajectory.The results show that TR-tree, which overcomes the trajectory interruption superior performance than TPIR-tree and R-tree.
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