Chemoprevention refers to the use of agents to inhibit, reverse or retard tumorigenesis. Numerous phytochemicals derived from edible plants have been reported to interfere with a specific stage of the carcinogenic process. Many mechanisms have been shown to account for the anticarcinogenic actions of dietary constituents, but attention has recently been focused on intracellular-signalling cascades as common molecular targets for various chemopreventive phytochemicals.

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Chemoprevention, a Realistic Strategy to Reduce the Risk of Cancer ! Cancer chemoprevention has attracted much attention as one of the most practical and realistic strategies in reducing the global burden of cancer [1]. The field of cancer chemoprevention research became prominent and focused at the beginning in the late 1960 s when Dr. Lee Wattenberg conceptualized this strategy and suggested a mechanistic framework [2], [3], [4]. A broad spectrum of substances has been reported to retain chemopreventive potential, and it is noticeable that many of them were discovered in the plant kingdom. Numerous phytochemicals derived from fruits, vegetables, grains, spices, and herbs are capable of intervening in multi-stage carcinogenesis via distinct mechanisms [5]. The journey of a population of normal cells towards malignancy apparently involves three distinct stages-initiation, promotion and progression. Tumor initiation, a rapid and irreversible process, begins with the genotoxic damage of cellular DNA upon exposure to endogenous or exogenous carcinogens. The initiation stage of chemically induced tumorigenesis involves the metabolic activation of carcinogens and subsequent

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BackgroundResveratrol is a natural compound suggested to have beneficial health effects. However, people are consuming resveratrol for this reason without having the adequate scientific evidence for its effects in humans. Therefore, scientific valid recommendations concerning the human intake of resveratrol based on available published scientific data are necessary. Such recommendations were formulated after the Resveratrol 2010 conference, held in September 2010 in Helsingør, Denmark.MethodologyLiterature search in databases as PubMed and ISI Web of Science in combination with manual search was used to answer the following five questions: 1Can resveratrol be recommended in the prevention or treatment of human diseases?; 2Are there observed “side effects” caused by the intake of resveratrol in humans?; 3What is the relevant dose of resveratrol?; 4What valid data are available regarding an effect in various species of experimental animals?; 5Which relevant (overall) mechanisms of action of resveratrol have been documented?Conclusions/SignificanceThe overall conclusion is that the published evidence is not sufficiently strong to justify a recommendation for the administration of resveratrol to humans, beyond the dose which can be obtained from dietary sources. On the other hand, animal data are promising in prevention of various cancer types, coronary heart diseases and diabetes which strongly indicate the need for human clinical trials. Finally, we suggest directions for future research in resveratrol regarding its mechanism of action and its safety and toxicology in human subjects.

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