Purpose Thermal ablation (TA), as one of the most currently remarkable technologies, has achieved great success in many malignant diseases including but not limited to hepatic and renal carcinoma. In recent years, this technology was gradually introduced to the treatment of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) and even papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Thereby, we summarized the current progress of TA development in the treatment of PTMC. Methods The latest relevant literature from the PubMed database with keywords “thermal ablation”, “papillary thyroid microcarcinoma”, “microwave ablation”, “radio-frequency ablation”, and “laser ablation”, among others, were comprehensively reviewed in this article. The follow-up outcomes of patients in these articles were analyzed. Results The efficacy and safety of TA including microwave ablation (MWA), laser ablation (LA), and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in the treatment of PTC and PTC have been intensively studied. Based on existing clinical trials, the relatively long-term follow-up (range, from 6 to 64.2 months) results in MWA, LA, and RFA were satisfactory that tumor volume reduction rate (VRR) reached and even surpass 99%. Compared with routine surgery methods (total thyroidectomy and lobectomy), the incidence rate of complications was relatively lower and the recurrence rate of TA techniques was not statistically significant, whereas the operative time, blood loss, length of hospital stay, and hospital cost were significantly decreased. Conclusion TA presents the same satisfactory therapeutic effects but minimal postoperative trauma can significantly improve the patients’ quality of life. However, future larger sample, multicenter, and prospective randomized controlled trials are urgently needed to validate the feasibility of TA in dealing with PTMC.

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BackgroundThe preoperative distinguishment of lymph nodes with reactive hyperplasia or tumor metastasis plays a pivotal role in guiding the surgical extension for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), especially in terms of the central lymph node (CLN) dissection. We aim to identify the preparative risk factors for CLN metastasis in PTC patients concurrent with HT.Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed and analyzed the data including the basic information, preoperative sonographic characteristics, and thyroid function of consecutive PTC patients with HT in our medical center between Jan 2019 and Apr 2021. The Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were used for comparison of qualitative variables among patients with or without CLN metastasis. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine the risk factors for CLN metastasis. The nomogram was constructed and further evaluated by two cohorts produced by 1,000 resampling bootstrap analysis.ResultsA total of 98 in 214 (45.8%) PTC patients were identified with CLN metastasis. In multivariate analysis, four variables including high serum thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) level (>1,150 IU/ml), lower tumor location, irregular margin of CLN, and micro-calcification in the CLN were determined to be significantly associated with the CLN metastasis in PTC patients with HT. An individualized nomogram was consequently established with a favorable C-index of 0.815 and verified via two internal validation cohorts.ConclusionsOur results indicated that preoperatively sonographic characteristics of the tumor and lymph node condition combined with serum TgAb level can significantly predict the CLN in PTC patients with HT and the novel nomogram may further help surgeons to manage the CLN in this subpopulation.

BackgroundColorectal carcinoma (CRC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancies. Cucurbitacin B (CuB) is a natural compound isolated from herbs and shows anticancer activity in several cancers.Material/MethodsHere, we analyzed the effects of different CuB concentrations on the proliferative and invasive behaviors of CRC cells using MTT, clonogenic assay, Transwell invasion, and wound healing assays. Flow cytometry was performed to measure the apoptotic effects of CuB on CRC cells. Western blot and real-time PCR were used to investigate the expression of apoptosis and Hippo-YAP signaling pathway proteins.ResultsCuB inhibited the proliferation and invasion of CRC cells while promoting apoptosis. In addition, the Western blot and real-time PCR results indicated that CuB suppressed YAP expression and its downstream target genes Cyr 61 and c-Myc in CRC cells. To assess the underlying mechanism, we investigated the upstream regulating factor LATS1, and the results revealed that CuB upregulated LATS1 expression in CRC cells.ConclusionsIn conclusion, our findings uncovered a novel therapeutic mechanism of CuB and suggest that there is therapeutic potential and feasibility in developing novel YAP inhibitors for cancer treatment.

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