Background: Ulcerative proctitis, one of the disease types of ulcerative colitis, is considered one of the initial manifestations of ulcerative colitis. Prevention of aggravation of ulcerative proctitis is important for improving the prognosis of ulcerative colitis. Here we reviewed the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of ulcerative proctitis. Summary: The number of patients with ulcerative proctitis is increasing. Disease extension occurs in many patients with ulcerative proctitis. Differential diagnosis from other chronic proctitis is important and should be performed based on the clinical history and endoscopical and histological features. Mesalazine suppository has been the first-line therapy for patients with ulcerative proctitis because of its high effectiveness and safety. Topical treatment of ulcerative proctitis, particularly using mesalazine suppository has been underused in clinical practice. Key Messages: Mesalazine suppositories are more effective than dose intensification of oral mesalazine for relapsed patients with maintenance dose of oral mesalazine. However, low adherence to rectal mesalazine has hindered remission in patients with ulcerative proctitis.

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Background/AimsThe influences of Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy on the disease course of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are still unclear. We therefore conducted a multicenter, retrospective cohort study to evaluate the safety of H. pylori eradication therapy for IBD patients.MethodsIBD patients with H. pylori eradication from 2005 to 2015 (eradication group) and control patients (non-eradication group; 2 paired IBD patients without H. pylori eradication matched with each eradicated patient) were included. IBD exacerbation (increased/additional IBD drug or IBD-associated hospitalization/surgery) and disease improvement based on the physicians’ global assessment were investigated at baseline, and at 2 and 6 months after eradication or observation.ResultsA total of 429 IBD (378 ulcerative colitis, 51 Crohn’s disease) patients, comprising 144 patients in the eradication group and 285 patients in the non-eradication group, were enrolled at 25 institutions. IBD exacerbation was comparable between groups (eradication group: 8.3% at 2 months [odds ratio, 1.76; 95% confidence interval, 0.78–3.92; P=0.170], 11.8% at 6 months [odds ratio, 1.60; 95% confidence interval, 0.81–3.11; P=0.172]). Based on the physicians’ global assessment at 2 months, none of the patients in the eradication group improved, whereas 3.2% of the patients in the non-eradication group improved (P=0.019). Multivariate analysis revealed that active disease at baseline, but not H. pylori eradication, was an independent factor for IBD exacerbation during 2 months’ observation period. The overall eradication rate was 84.0%–comparable to previous reports in non-IBD patients.ConclusionsH. pylori eradication therapy does not alter the short-term disease activity of IBD.

In this CD case complicated by subcutaneous aseptic neutrophilic abscesses, GMA appeared to be effective. Our impression is that when biopsy reveals neutrophil infiltrate is a major feature of the lesions, GMA should be considered. As GMA appears to have no safety concerns, a frequent GMA protocol, like daily followed by 2 to 3 times/week should be preferred over the routine weekly GMA.

Accidentally swallowed foreign objects are not uncommon but difficult to manage without complications. We describe the case of a 68 year old man who accidentally a swallowed sharp-pointed dental reamer that had reached deep in his jejunum. Double balloon enteroscopic retrieval was performed with polypectomy snare but the reamer was entangled in the wire loop of the snare and penetrated the jejunal wall. After releasing the reamer by pushing and pulling the snare for approximately 30 min, the reamer was retrieved with biopsy forceps. This is the first report of double balloon enteroscopic removal of a dental reamer. Furthermore, this is a novel case with regard to decision making in situations when sharp objects are swallowed.

Several adsorptive type devices for ulcerative colitis are used for the induction of remission in patients with active severe disease worldwide. In 2020, the novel apheresis device Immunopure for ulcerative colitis was launched in Japan. Immunopure, like the polyethylene terephthalate column, uses polyarylate, a type of polyester resin, as the adsorbent. Similar to the cellulose acetate column, Immunopure is filled with adsorbent beads and expected to provide ease of use, with minimal risk of column clogging. Immunopure adsorbs leukocytes and platelets, especially activated platelets and platelet‐leukocyte aggregates. In this article, the capability of Immunopure is evaluated from clinical perspective based on a clinical trial in Japan/Europe. As a result, Immunopure is comparable to other products in clinical effectiveness and indicated for the treatment of patients with refractory moderate ulcerative colitis, making it highly useful in clinical practice.

Famotidine and omeprazole injected during the early phase of a bleeding ulcer may have similar effects to an adjuvant therapy for preventing rebleeding from endoscopically treated upper gastrointestinal bleeding in Japanese patients.

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