We recently demonstrated that ginsenoside Rb1 (C54H92O23, molecular weight 1108) isolated from ginseng, when intravenously infused into rats with permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion, reduced cerebral infarct volume and ameliorated place navigation disability of the animals, through an anti‐apoptotic action and possibly promotion of vascular regeneration. To investigate the ginsenoside Rb1‐mediated vascular regeneration in vivo in a more easily accessible experimental systems, we made a burn wound on the backs of mice and topically applied either Vaseline (vehicle) alone or Vaseline containing low doses of ginsenoside Rb1 to the wound. Surprisingly, we found that ginsenoside Rb1 at low concentrations (100 pg g−1, 1 pg g−1 and 10 fg g−1 ointment) exhibited the strongest burn wound‐healing action. Furthermore, ginsenoside Rb1 (100 fg–1 ng per wound) increased neovascularization in the surrounding tissue and production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin (IL)‐1β from the burn wound, compared to those mice with burn wounds treated with vehicle alone. In human keratinocyte cultures (HaCaT cells), ginsenoside Rb1 (100 fg ml−1 to 1 ng ml−1) enhanced VEGF production induced by IL‐1β and expression of hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF)‐1α. These findings suggest that the promotion of burn wound healing by ginsenoside Rb1 might be due to the promotion of angiogenesis during skin wound repair via the stimulation of VEGF production, through the increase of HIF‐1α expression in keratinocytes, and due to the elevation of IL‐1β resulting from the macrophage accumulation in the burn wound. British Journal of Pharmacology (2006) 148, 860–870. doi:

Red Ginseng (the roots of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) is used clinically in China, Korea and Japan for various diseases, including atherosclerosis, hypertension and stress etc. Although Red Ginseng roots have traditionally been thought to have antiageing effects, the basis for this hearsay is unclear. This study examined the effects of Red Ginseng extract on ultraviolet B (UVB)-irradiated skin ageing in mice. Oral administration of Red Ginseng extract (20 or 60 mg/kg, twice daily) prevented UVB-irradiated skin damage (increases of skin thickness and pigmentation, and reduction of skin elasticity). Furthermore, Red Ginseng extract inhibited the increases of epidermis and corium thickness induced by UVB irradiation. Red Ginseng extract inhibited the increase of skin TGF-beta1 content induced by UVB irradiation. These findings suggest that the protective action of Red Ginseng extract against UVB-irradiated skin ageing may be due partly to an inhibition of the increase of skin TGF-beta1 induced by UVB irradiation. In conclusion, the oral administration of Red Ginseng extract may be useful as a health supplement for protection against photoageing.

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