Six months of DAPT was not inferior to 18 months of DAPT following implantation of a DES with a biodegradable abluminal coating. However, this result needs to be interpreted with caution given the open-label design and wide noninferiority margin of the present study. (Nobori Dual Antiplatelet Therapy as Appropriate Duration [NIPPON]; NCT01514227).
TLRs are receptors involved in the recognition of pathogens by the innate immune system, and TLR2 and TLR4 play important roles in the activation of monocytes. A total of 105 consecutive patients who underwent coronary angiography comprised of 46 with stable effort angina (SA), 41 with unstable angina (UA), and 18 with no significant CAD (CNT) were enrolled. The baseline expression levels of TLR2 and TLR4 on monocytes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were determined by flowcytometric analysis. Since TLR2 expression has been reported to be regulated by TLR4 signaling, we cultured PBMCs with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 µ µ µ µ µg/ ml). At baseline, TLR4 levels (mean of fluorescence intensity ) in SA (145 ± ± ± ± ± 58, p < 0.05) and UA (164 ± ± ± ± ± 65, p < 0.01) were higher than those in CNT (107 ± ± ± ± ± 37). As for TLR2, levels were higher in UA (108 ± ± ± ± ± 36, p < 0.05) than in SA (94 ± ± ± ± ± 18) and CNT (87 ± ± ± ± ± 22). After stimulation with LPS, TLR2 levels increased in SA but decreased in UA. In conclusions, TLR4 levels increased in both SA and UA. Monocytes in UA were characterized by elevated TLR2 levels and unresponsiveness of the TLR2 levels to TLR4 stimulation. J Atheroscler Thromb, 2005; 12: 53-60.
SummaryBackground: Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine: 5-HT) reduces the coronary blood flow (CBF) as a product of aggregating platelets. Sarpogrelate, a specific 5HT2-receptor antagonist, has been reported to increase the coronary collateral flow in humans; however, its effect on the microcirculation is still not fully understood.Hypothesis: This study was undertaken to determine whether sarpogrelate might improve the microcirculation in coronary artery disease (CAD).Methods: To investigate the effect of sarpogrelate on the microcirculation in CAD, we measured CBF in 15 patients with CAD but no significant stenosis in the left anterior descending artery (LAD). The patients were randomly allocated to two groups, including those receiving oral administration of 200 mg of sarpogrelate (SPG, 8 patients, age 61 ± 6 years) and those receiving no medication (controls, 7 patients, age 57 ± 8 years). Prior to and 1 h after the administration of sarpogrelate, or in controls at 1-h intervals, the average peak velocity (APV) at baseline and hyperemia was measured by an intracoronary Doppler guidewire. Systemic blood pressure (SBP) and cardiac output (CO) were also measured.Results: In the patients receiving SPG, the medication significantly increased the baseline (18 ± 9 to 19 ± 10 cm/s, p < 0.05) and maximal APV (55 ± 9 to 64 ± 31 cm/s, p < 0.05). However, no significant changes were observed in SBP and CO after the administration of SPG. In the control group, there were no significant differences in baseline and hyperemic APV.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.