Aim of this study was to investigate effects of high fat diet on rat liver and weight gain. By this purpose 30

Content of fatty diet plays a significant role in the development and progression of chronic diseases. Generally, it is accepted that unsaturated fatty acids are beneficial. According to literature review, oleic acid (C18:1n-9) has positive impacts on various tissues in general and has negative impacts rarely. Olive oil composition includes high amount oleic acid. Considering of the effects of oleic acid on the cardiovascular system, it was determined that decreasing of the myocardial infarction rate, platelet aggregation and secretion of TXA2, plus reduce of the systolic blood pressure. LDL cholesterol was decreased. In terms of effects on the liver, while some studies suggest that oleic acid has beneficial effects, unlike other studies proved that exposed to oleic acid of hepatocytes induce ER (endoplasmic reticulum) stress in long-term period. The several studies which were investigating the efficacy of the oleic acid on the tumor tissue proved that OA increased to hepato-tumorigenesis in vivo as a potential. On te other hand, another research showed that oleic acid blocked the action of HER-2 / neu oncogene that led to breast cancer. Although some researchers reported that OA develop neutrophil phagocytic capacity and candidacidal activity, other researchers point out that these fatty acids didn't cause any changes on bactericidal activity and fatty acids caused moderate decreases on phagocytosis and chemotaxis only in extremely high concentrations, and they suppressed to T lymphocytes. Although, most of studies have indicated to beneficial effects of oleic acids, also the adverse effects of oleic acid have been reported in a few studies. This situation requires further researches for detail information about oleic acid

Content of fatty diet plays a significant role in the development and progression of chronic diseases. Generally, it is accepted that unsaturated fatty acids are beneficial. According to literature review, oleic acid (C18:1n-9) has positive impacts on various tissues in general and has negative impacts rarely. Olive oil composition includes high amount oleic acid. Considering of the effects of oleic acid on the cardiovascular system, it was determined that decreasing of the myocardial infarction rate, platelet aggregation and secretion of TXA2, plus reduce of the systolic blood pressure. LDL cholesterol was decreased. In terms of effects on the liver, while some studies suggest that oleic acid has beneficial effects, unlike other studies proved that exposed to oleic acid of hepatocytes induce ER (endoplasmic reticulum) stress in long - term period. The several studies which were investigating the efficacy of the oleic acid on the tumor tissue proved that OA increased to hepato-tumorigenesis in vivo as a potential. On te other hand, another research showed that oleic acid blocked the action of HER-2 / neu oncogene that led to breast cancer. Although some researchers reported that OA develop neutrophil phagocytic capacity and candidacidal activity, other researchers point out that these fatty acids didn’t cause any changes on bactericidal activity and fatty acids caused moderate decreases on phagocytosis and chemotaxis only in extremely high concentrations, and they suppressed to T lymphocytes. Although, most of studies have indicated to beneficial effects of oleic acids, also the adverse effects of oleic acid have been reported in a few studies. This situation requires further researches for detail information about oleic acid

Aim: Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of death in cancer-related deaths in men. Docetaxel and abiraterone acetate are widely used in the treatment of castration-resistant metastatic prostate cancer. Phospho-PTEN triggers proliferation, migration, angiogenesis and survival in cells by causing oncogenic Akt hyperactivation. This study, it is aimed to investigate the effects of docetaxel and abiraterone acetate agents, which are widely used in the treatment of prostate cancer, on the expression of phospho-PTEN, which stimulates the oncogenic pathway. Material and Methods: The effects of docetaxel and abiraterone acetate on phospho-PTEN expression in androgen receptor (+) and androgen receptor (-) metastatic prostate cancer cell lines were investigated in vitro by immunofluorescence method. Results: Findings were compatible in both androgen receptor (+) and androgen receptor (-) metastatic prostate cancer cell lines. No statistically significant difference in phospho-PTEN expression was observed between the control and abiraterone acetate groups. Phospho-PTEN expression was increased statistically significant in docetaxel and abiraterone acetate+docetaxel groups compared to control. This increase was greater statistically significant in the combined group given the two agents compared to the docetaxel group. Conclusion: A significant increase in phospho-PTEN was observed in the docetaxel and combined treatment groups. The increase of Phospho-PTEN causes oncogenic Akt hyperactivation. According to this information, docetaxel and combined drug treatments may support the oncogenic pathway in cells by increasing phospho-PTEN in patients. To eliminate these effects in patients, the administration of agents that dephosphorylate PTEN or agents that will stimulate the pathways that provide dephosphorylation may increase the total survival of the patients.

In recent years, the rate of Neutrophil/Lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been shown to be a marker of systemic inflammation that associated with prognosis in many diseases like malignancies and chronic inflammatory diseases. Based on previous studies, there is not any finding about NLR and cellular morphological mechanism studied together in inflamation-related diseases; attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) and autism spectrum disorders(ASD). We assessed the effect and association of these parameters on ethiopathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders. Methods: 30 healthy and 30 each patients who were diagnosed with ADHD and ASD were evaluated at psychiatry department in tertiary hospital. The hemogram profile were analyzed and NLR parameter was statistically evaluated among groups. However, apoptotic stage of cells were staining with 2 different methods. Apoptotic mechanism of ADHD, ASD and control group were comparably displayed. Results: NLR values in patients diagnosed with ADHD and ASD were significantly higher compare to control; lymphocyte count was found significantly lower level in patient groups. Apoptotic morphology becomes evident as degree of disease increment. Conclusions: This parameter can be used as an easily applicable method is estimated to be risk for psychiatric diseases. The positive association of NLR with apoptotic imaging indicates a marker of cellular degradation with neurodegenerative disorders.

No abstract

Objective: Testicular germ cell tumor is a tumor that is not observed widely, but its incidence and mortality rates have increased in recent years. One of the most common forms of this tumor is seminoma. Germ cell neoplasia in situ (GCNIS) is defined as the precursor of seminoma. The apelin/APJ axis has been found to be increased in many cancers, and is a pathway that plays an active role in angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, tumor growth, and migration. In this study, the cellular distributions of apelin and APJ protein expressions in normal testicular tissue, GCNIS and seminoma were investigated. Material and Methods: Tissues from 18 patients who had undergone orchiectomi were used in this study. These tissues include areas of normal testicular tissue, GCNIS, and seminoma. Immunolocalizations of apelin and APJ were identified through the immunohistochemical method. Results: Apelin expression was significantly increased in seminoma and GCNIS compared to normal. GCNIS and seminoma apelin expression were the same. APJ expression was significantly increased in seminoma compared to normal and GCNIS. Normal and GCNIS APJ expressions were similar. Conclusion: Increased expression of apelin/APJ has been observed in many different cancers. Our findings were consistent with the results of relevant studies. Expressions of apelin and APJ proteins were significantly increased in seminoma. It can be predicted that the increase of this pathway in seminoma may support angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, migration and metastasis. Therefore, the increase in mortality rates in seminoma patients may be related to this pathway. Ultimately, the use of inhibitors of this pathway in these patients may reduce the mortality rate in the patients. However, many new studies are needed before these inhibitors can be used clinically.

Objective Diabetes mellitus is a widespread endocrine disease in the world with accompanying chronic hyperglycemia. In this study, we investigated the effect of hydroxytyrosol which exerts an antioxidant effect on the expressions of insülin and Prdx6 that protects cells against oxidative injury in diabetic rat pancreas. Methods There were 4 groups in the study. These were control (nondiabetic) group (n:10), hydroxytyrosol group (were administered 10 mg/kg/day p.o. hydroxytyrosol for 30 days) (n:10), streptozotocin group (were administered single intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of 55 mg/kg streptozotocin) (n:10) and streptozotocin + hydroxytyrosol group (were administered single i.p. injection of streptozotocin, and were started on 10 mg/kg/day hydroxytyrosol p.o. 48 h later, and were continued for 30 days)(n:10). During the experiment, blood glucose levels were measured with regular intervals. Insulin expression was determined with immunohistochemistry and Prdx6 expression with immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Results Blood glucose levels on 21st and 28th-day measurements were significantly lower in the streptozotocin + hydroxytyrosol group compared to streptozotocin group. Insulin and Prdx6 expressions were lower in streptozotocin and streptozotocin + hydroxytyrosol group compared to control and hydroxytyrosol groups. Insulin and Prdx6 expressions in the streptozotocin + hydroxytyrosol group were higher compared to streptozotocin group. Immunohistochemistry findings of Prdx6 and Western blot were the same. Conclusion Hydroxytyrosol which is an antioxidant compound, increased Prdx6 and insulin expressions in diabetic rats. Hydroxytyrosol-induced increase in insulin lowered blood glucose levels in diabetic rats. Finally, hydroxytyrosol, by increasing Prdx6 expression, decreased chronic hyperglycemia which is observed in diabetes. Thus, hydroxytyrosol might decrease or prevent several hyperglycemia-dependent complications.