MicroRNAs (miRNA) are recently discovered endogenous, small noncoding RNAs (of 22 nucleotides) that play pivotal roles in gene regulation. They are involved in post-transcriptional control of gene expression. miRNAs are emerging as important regulators of cell proliferation, development, cancer formation, stress responses, cell death and physiological conditions. Increasing evidence has demonstrated the human miRNAs bind to their target mRNA sequences with perfect or near-perfect sequence complementarily. This provides a powerful strategy for discovering potential type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) targets and gives the probability to exploit them for diagnostic and therapeutic causes. About 6% of the world population is affected by T2DM, and it is recognized as a global epidemic by the World Health Organization. At present there is no valid biomarker to control or manage T2DM. Therefore, the present study applied a mature sequence of miRNAs from publicly accessible databases to identify the miRNA from T2DM expressed sequence tags, and the results are detailed and discussed below.

The prevalence of menstrual problems is high during adolescence according to published literature. It is essential to determine the menstrual hygiene practices among the adolescent girls and their predictors so as to ascertain the modalities for prevention of menstrual problems. The present study was conducted to evaluate the menstrual problems, menstrual hygiene and their risk factors.This cross-sectional study was carried out among 244 school going adolescent girls in the field practice area of our institution. The participants were selected using two stage sampling. A structured interview schedule was used to obtain information regarding the demographic details, menstrual problems and menstrual hygiene. The data was entered and analyzed using SPSS software. Chi square test was used to analyze the statistical significance.The present study showed a high prevalence for dysmenorrhea (75.4%). About 72.1% of the participants consume over-the-counter medicines for menstrual problems. Majority of the participants (92.2%) use sanitary napkins as absorbent materials. Only 22.1% of the participants wash their genitalia with soap and water during menstruation. About 10.2% of the participants do not take bath during menstruation. Age was a significant risk factor for menstrual hygiene (p<0.05).The present study has emphasized on the need for creating awareness during the early adolescent age in order to inculcate hygienic menstrual practices. It is essential to make sanitary napkins available and affordable in the lower income groups. Moreover, there is a growing need to incorporate adolescent specific health services in the public health system.

Background: The use of performance enhancing drugs by pre-teenagers and teenagers has increased tremendously over the past decade. The trend is driven by multiple factors, including the decrease in the age of participation in competing sports, the increase in popularity of team sports. The questions were distributed through an online survey planet link to the study professionals including 69 basketball professionals. The participants were explained in detail about the purpose. The questions were carefully studied and the corresponding answers were marked by the participants the data was collected and statistically analysed. From the current study, about 83.3% of the population were aware of the use of steroidal drugs in basketball and 16.7% were not aware of it. Majority of the population are aware of the use of steroidal drugs in sports and they are aware of the harmful effects of it.

Ozone is a form of oxygen made up of triatomic molecules, which is considered to be having a great positive effect on the field of medicine and dentistry. Ozone therapy involves mainly the use of ozone gas for the treatment. It is mainly used for the treatment of arthritis, or any viral diseases like HIV or SARS. It is also used as a disinfectant and it also helps in stimulating the immune response of the body and cancer therapy. It will help as sanitary techniques such as irrigation with antiseptic. The study aims to assess the knowledge and awareness of ozone therapy among dental practitioners. An online based questionnaire was distributed to all the participants. The participants were well informed about the online survey and it was answered with full potential. Then the results were collected and were analysed statistically. 60.4% of the study population were aware of the use of ozone therapy in dental applications, and 57.5% of the study population was aware that ozone prevents tooth decay. From the analysed data it was observed that that the majority of the participants were aware about the usage of ozone therapy in dentistry.

The period of adolescence and youth is a transition period between childhood and adulthood. This phase is vulnerable for several health issues ranging from reproductive, psychosocial and mental disorders. Among various disorders, mental disorders form a fulcrum which determines the quality of life and well-being during their adult life. Studies have proven that it is essential to create awareness among these adolescents and youth regarding early signs of mental illnesses. This study was conducted to compare the level of knowledge, attitude and practices related to mental health and illness among girls’ college and college with co-education system. This cross sectional study was carried out among one college with co-education where 149 girls participated and one girls’ college where 112 girls participated. A structured interview schedule was used to obtain information regarding knowledge, attitude and practices pertaining to mental illness. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS. A p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Friends were the major source of information for the co-education students while internet formed the major source of information for the girls’ college students. Majority of the girls in girls’ college felt that mental illness is caused due to environmental problems (74.1%) while among co-education students, it was due to spirits (35.6%), (p<0.0001). While 31.5% of the girls of co-ed colleges felt that self harm was normal, only 18.7% among girls’ college felt that self harm was normal.: Our study indicates that students of girls’ college were better informed and aware of mental illness compared to the girls studying in co-education system. There is a need for target based awareness on mental health and also regarding approaches to abnormalities of the mental states for a healthier adulthood among girls.