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The aim of this study was to compare two irrigation techniques and four devices for endodontic sealer placement into the dentinal tubules. Ninety-nine single-rooted human teeth were instrumented and allocated to either the control (CO) (n=11) or experimental groups according to the irrigation method: syringe and NaveTip needle (NT) (n=44), and EndoActivator (EA) (n=44). These groups were subdivided according to sealer placement into K-File (KF), lentulo spiral (LS), Easy Clean (EC), and EndoActivator (EA) subgroups. Moreover, the distances of 5 mm and 2 mm from the apex were analyzed. The teeth were obturated with AH Plus and GuttaCore X3. Analyses were performed by scanning electron microscopy associated to cathodoluminescence. The percentage and maximum depth of sealer penetration were measured. Data were evaluated by three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Games-Howell test (p<0.05). EA was superior to NT in percentage of sealer penetration. EC was significantly superior to EA (subgroup) for sealer penetration, and both improved the percentage of sealer penetration when compared to LS. Better sealer penetration was observed at the distance of 5 mm from the apex. Sealer penetration into the dentinal tubules was significantly improved by sonic irrigant activation.

Introduction: The sealers were developed for filling of root canals. Due to their physicochemical and technical properties used for obturation, often, extrusion is observed through apical constriction and occasionally by lateral and secondary canals. Objective: To review the literature on important properties to be considered in AH Plus sealer extrusion and report a case series of this sealer extrusion. Literature review: Articles evaluating the cytotoxicity and biocompatibility properties, besides flow and solubility were selected. Case report: In the presented cases, endodontic treatment was performed with rotary instrumentation and irrigation with 2.5% NaOCl. Obturation employed visual, tactile, and radiographic proof of gutta-percha main cone, and different obturation techniques. There were no reports of pain during and after endodontic treatment. Conclusion: AH Plus has adequate properties for a filling material and causes no major damage to the periapical tissues due to its little cytotoxic.

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Recebido em 14/12/2017. Aprovado em 18/03/2018. RESUMOO atendimento profissional vinculado à saúde se deve a certas premissas que ultrapassam o aspecto meramente técnico. Para que transformações ocorram, a atenção às mudanças curriculares é indispensável durante a formação do cirurgião-dentista. O ensino superior carece de estratégias que remodelem a forma de se pensar o outro. Empatia e alteridade são virtudes que, se desencadeadas, podem alterar a relação profissional-paciente. Buscou-se elucidar o significado desses conceitos, como proposta reflexiva em consonância com o atendimento humanizado em saúde, as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais (DCN), e o contato com o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), como propulsores de transformações no meio acadêmico. Adotou-se a revisão narrativa da literatura, pela pesquisa documental, contemplando a legislação nacional acerca da educação superior em Odontologia, somada a consulta às bases científicas Medline, LILACS e SciELO. As palavras-chave empregadas foram: alteridade, empatia, empathy, humanização da assistência e humanization of assistance, no período de 2004 a 2017. Foram selecionados textos completos na área odontológica que contemplassem a interrelação entre os temas. A síntese qualitativa da literatura consultada permitiu a observação de que houve uma mudança, ainda não totalmente concretizada, mas relevante, com relação à ultrapassagem do foco apenas técnico e curativo, como bem proposto nas DCN e tão almejado pelo SUS quanto ao profissional ingressante na vida pública. Concluiu-se que o atendimento humanizado em Odontologia ainda é um desafio. Contudo, mudanças acadêmicas que suscitem o despertar das virtudes de alteridade e empatia devem se concretizar. Descritores: Virtudes. Educação Superior. Sistema Único de Saúde.

The aim of this study was to analyze volume variation, untouched walls, transportation, and centralization in long oval canals prepared with ProTaper Next (PTN), X File (XF) and X Gray (XG) by microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). Forty-five lower incisors were divided into three groups (PTN, XF and XG) with 15 specimens each, according to the micro-CT pre-instrumentation (PI) analysis. After the use of each instrument new exams were performed. Volume variation and untouched walls data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA, and for the first one, Tukey HSD or Games-Howell tests were applied in the sequence; data of transportation and centralization were compared by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney test. The statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Between thirds, higher wear values were found in the cervical (p <0.001). PI and the instrument X3 (30/.07) differed in all systems (p < 0.05). No significant difference concerning the percentage of untouched walls between the systems occurred (p = 0.836), while the degree of transportation and centralization was similar between then, with p values of 0.531 and 0.155, respectively. However, between thirds, significant difference was found (pc = 0.029), with the middle third presenting superior centralization than the apical (p = 0.010). In conclusion, PTN, XF and XG had similar results in the shaping ability, transportation, and centralization of long oval canals.

Introduction: Dental trauma affects mainly children, teenagers and young adults and the anterior teeth. In dental avulsion, the teeth are completely displaced out of the socket. This dentoalveolar lesion is that causing the most severe functional, esthetic, and psychologic damage to the patient. Objective: To evaluate the knowledge level of Dentistry undergraduates on tooth avulsion and verify whether the course period would be associated with the knowledge level. Material and methods: A questionnaire adapted from Fujita et al..[5], was applied, consisting of three parts, Part 1: general demographic data; Part 2: questions about the experience in tooth trauma Part 3: knowledge about tooth avulsion. The questionnaire was applied to 706 Dentistry undergraduates from Positivo University (PR), in June, 2015. The chi-square test was used to identify differences in responses for different variables, with significance level of 5%. Results: Most of the students were at the age range from 16 to 20 years-old (47.1%), were female (74.7%), were not trained on first-aid care in cases of tooth trauma (73.9%), and never faced a case of tooth avulsion (68.8%). The course period was statistically and positively associated with the knowledge on dental avulsion. Conclusion: The evaluated Dentistry undergraduate students knew how to manage cases of tooth avulsion. Statistically significant differences occurred in relation to the course period and the knowledge on tooth avulsion.